Jetblues Is Societal Aspects That Are Affected By...

JetBlue’s is societal aspects that are affected by external forces as well. I would break it down into four categories to mainly focus on this societal area. They are listed as follows: Economic, Technological, Political-Legal and Sociocultural. Looking at the economic aspect, the economy has gotten much better since 2008-2009. There is more income being dispersed around the country. Also, if you are looking at the current price for oil, that should not be an issue for airlines right now. The technological aspect shows us how well the ticketing and self-service check-in are doing. Another thing that could be helpful is even allowing credit cards to be used on flights for more purchases. The Internet has become a great tool for our society. It allows us to even search around and find the cheapest flights around. The political-legal aspects that have an effect could be the fear of terrorists. I know since 9/11, airplanes have been one of the safest ways of transportation with al l the rules and regulations. Another important part that of this aspect is the effect on oil because of certain internal wars over in the Middle East. Finally, the sociocultural aspect shows us that people have different opinions on certain topics. For example, I know many people are probably worrying about the Zika Virus if they are on a plane that has come from a country that is known for having it or if they are traveling to one of those countries. People want to be updated and know that they are in

University of Southease Essay - 1413 Words

Topic: - IT Governance at University of the Southeast Date: - 03/12/2014 Critical Facts:-  · Supported by the Information Technology, University of the Southeast was among the largest growing universities in the United States (Saunders, 2013).  · The University used IT governance in lecturing capturing tools technology to provide lecture to the students at varied places made lectures independent to the physical classrooms (Saunders, 2013).  · In University of the Southeast, IT was administered by Information Technologies and Resources (ITR) department which was responsible for providing IT support services across the campus (Saunders, 2013).  · Information†¦show more content†¦Even though the university followed a centralized organizational model was not consistent throughout and there was a hidden decentralization of the IT governance. For instance, in a centralized model, the problems with the lecture capturing software while authenticating the already registered students or the inadequate network bandwidth should be solved by the help desk support team instead of referring back to the faculty. IT monarchy is fitting governance for the decisions like aligning security procedures to IS architecture specifications, where corporate IT (Individuals or groups of IT executives. ) takes the title role and is responsible for specifying the configuration, consistency in protection achieving competency among the components according to the need of the organization (Saunders, 2013). University of the Southeast did followed the IT Monarchy archetype by making Information Technologies and Resources (ITR ) respon sible for taking decisions regarding IT architecture security Infrastructure by providing computer services, telecommunications, multimedia support across the campus (Saunders, 2013). The decision making power were entirely in the hands of ITR. If IRR had tried to provide the faculty with the decision making right of having control on archiving their own emails or choosing their preferred e-mail address or changing their email address printed in the university directory

A study of the psychology of belief with reference to the influence of Freud Free Essays

string(49) " God is perfect and created the world perfectly\." For many people, religion has been a pillar of our society for as long as we can trace back. A psychologist however, would argue that religion developed from the day that the people of our society started questioning their existence. As Sigmund Freud, physiologist, doctor, psychologist and the father of psychoanalysis, is generally recognised as one of the most influential and authoritative thinkers of the twentieth century, we need to consider his analysis of religion when approaching this topic. We will write a custom essay sample on A study of the psychology of belief with reference to the influence of Freud or any similar topic only for you Order Now However as some of Freud’s theories were developed over a century ago is it really possible to apply them to our society today, especially as our society is so multicultural and faith still holds a key role within many people’s lives? According to Sigmund Freud religion is an â€Å"illusion† we as a society or as individuals, conjure up for ourselves, for a number of key reasons. The first and most essential reason Freud claims we turn to religion is as a way of expressing psychological anguish from our childhood. The second is we turn to religion as a way of overcoming and preventing dangers from the natural world, in hoping to gain control â€Å"the necessity of defending oneself against the crushingly superior force of nature. † The third is that religion is used as a stress relief, stress that has developed from living in a suppressive society that condones the expression of sexual desire. A final key reason Freud developed is that we follow religion to prevent the feeling of helplessness we can get when we no longer have the protection of our parents or guardians: â€Å"And thus a store of ideas is created, born from man’s need to make his helplessness tolerable and built up from the memories of the helplessness of his own childhood and the childhood of the human race† I shall address Freud’s key idea to begin with: religion is a way of expressing psychological anguish. All of Freud’s work is focused around the idea of our unconscious or our subconscious. Freud claimed that as children, any emotional torment we may suffer, instead of dealing with it directly at the time, we suppress it in our unconscious mind, only to channel it into another outlet later in life as an obsession or repulsion of any particular aspect of life. This is referred to as sublimation. One of the ways in which a person may choose to â€Å"channel† their negative experiences is through religion. This link was brought to Freud’s attention as he began to notice similarities in his patients’ obsessions in relation to the source of their compulsive behaviour as to that of a religious person and their faith. Both have a symbolic meaning to the follower and have a set ritual – failure to complete this ritual (however regular it may be) leads to guilty feelings of regret. Seeing this comparison Freud came to the conclusion that religion is another form of neurotic illness that stems from our unconscious. Freud then began to address the matter of what suppressed feelings from childhood actually were. It is through this thinking he developed the concept of the â€Å"Oedipus Complex â€Å". This suggests that as children, young boys hold loving feelings of a sexual nature for their mothers. Through this they develop feelings of envy and hatred for their fathers. Due to the society we live in the Oedipus complex has to be suppressed as it is not acceptable behaviour but the sexual urges, Freud claims, are still there. It is these urges that are pushed to our unconscious that later come out in obsession or infatuation with something – obviously in this case – religion. â€Å"Thus religion would be a universal obsessive neurosis of humankind. Just like the obsessive neurosis in children it springs from the Oedipus complex, the relationship with the Father† As mentioned before Freud made a direct link between psychological anguish and guilt and religion and guilt. Freud put forward a process that humans use to channel their guilt, particularly that of a sexual nature from the Oedipus/Electra complex. In an attempt to rid themselves of these feelings of guilt the person develops idols or Gods. By doing this they feel they can repent for their guilt by worship or sacrifice to these idols. Initially the idol may be a representation of the child’s Father yet later on, in the same way the Father is rejected through Oedipus, the God is changed to an animal of a primal sort. The animal becomes sacred and inflicting harm upon the animal becomes a sin. Sacrifices are made to and worship becomes a ritual. This first stage of sublimation Freud labelled as animism. The second stage is, however, called religion. During this stage, the animal develops the status of a God and once again takes the form of the father figure thus completing the cycle from Oedipus to religion. As Freud said â€Å"I put forward a suggestion that mankind as a whole may have acquired its sense of guilt of its history, in connection with the Oedipus complex† Closely linked to this is the theory that religion is used as a â€Å"stress† relief, stress that is placed on us by the society we live in. The stress that is caused by the suppression of our natural urges as children. This stress forces us to channel our libido into other areas of thinking and working, areas in life that are more socially acceptable. As I explained previously it is common for this area to be religion and worship. Freud’s second theory for religion is that we use religion as a way of protecting ourselves or overcoming fears from the natural world. The problem of evil and suffering and religion has long being a conflict for many philosophers and psychologists. It is through this conflict that â€Å"St. Augustine’s Theodicy† was developed. St. Augustine based his arguments on the Bible and his theodicy suggests that God is perfect and created the world perfectly. You read "A study of the psychology of belief with reference to the influence of Freud" in category "Papers" Created things are susceptible to change and evil comes from angels and human beings that chose to turn away from God. Augustine concluded that God cannot be blamed for creating evil since evil is not a substance rather than a deprivation (a lack of good) and it is not logical to say God created that deprivation. Despite this theory and many others that have been presented to us since the problem of evil and suffering is what gives science a higher appeal than religion to many people living today but it is also, according to Freud why we invent religion in the first place. Religion offers us a â€Å"reward† for any suffering we may have inflicted upon us during our lifetime and adds meaning to life and its purpose. Otherwise we would be suffering unnecessarily and there would be no point to continue with life. Also through prayer and worship we feel we can control naturally occurring events that can cause us suffering such as death, illness, natural disasters etc. We do this in an attempt to abolish our fears of things we cannot control or change and hope to have some power over them through religion. Freud’s next point is not dissimilar to the ideas of Karl Marx. Marxists would claim that religion is encouraged by the state to enforce order in society. Freud suggested a purpose for religion is that it is developed to give us a reason to obey authority. Regardless whether it is state authority or religious authority according to Freud people develop an attitude that â€Å"Everything in our world is an expression of the intentions of intelligence superior to us, which in the end, though its ways and byways are difficult to follow, orders everything for the best. We feel that if we disobey we shall not be rewarded, or worse punished for our crime or sin and we, by consequence, do not disobey. Freud came to the conclusion that religion must be overthrown for society to develop and progress. A final key reason Freud presents for humans fabricating religion is to prevent the feeling of helplessness we can get when we no longer have the protection of our parents or our guardians . This is simply that we develop â€Å"Gods† in order to protect ourselves, so we have someone to care for us and someone to look up to in the same way that we as children looked up to our parents. When Freud’s theories were first published they were considered deeply controversial, interestingly though people took interest in what he said and took his psychoanalytical theory very seriously because at the time science was starting to make it’s breakthrough and Freud’s explanations were fresh and appealing to many. However whether theories that were developed over a century ago can still be relevant today is a different consideration. For Freud’s work to still be relevant today, when science has developed further than psychology, which in comparison is considered the â€Å"soft science,† there would have to be some evidence to support the basics of Freud’s theory. Freud based his â€Å"Oedipus Complex† on the ideas of Darwinism, a stage of life in prehistoric men when the family unit was the â€Å"primal horde†. It consisted of a mother a father and offspring. As the dominant male the father would scare off any male threat to the female. This continued until all the male offspring joined together and turned on the father and eventually killed him. The idea of religion stemming from guilt is not such a controversial one, particularly linking to sexual guilt and religion. Religious figures have often condemned sexual activity for the use of anything other than reproduction. Figures such as St. Augustine (who was greatly influenced by Plato) viewed sex and sexual desire as â€Å"having been implanted by the Devil at the time of the fall† as Peter Vardy explains Augustine claimed that it was best to avoid all sexual activity even within wedlock. If the situation should occur when sex was needed for reproduction then the man â€Å"should descend to his task with a certain regret. † Peter Vardy also outlines the common Catholic teaching which even today, in what we like to consider a sexually liberated society is still very traditional in it’s approach, namely: – – Masturbation is sinful since this means using genitalia for a purpose for which they are not intended – Sex can never have pleasure or the expression of love as its main object since, again, this means using genitalia for a purpose for which they were not intended Homosexuality, if it is practised, is deeply sinful as this means using genitalia for a purpose for which they were not intended since procreation cannot result and it is â€Å"against nature† So considering people are still raised to believe sex for any other reason other than reproduction is sinful, it is easy to see why sexual feelings may lead to feelings of gu ilt. Particularly as sexual feelings are present throughout all stages of childhood that Freud identifies in the following ways: from birth to the age of eighteen months the child goes through what Freud named the â€Å"Oral Stage. This is to say all gratification of learning is gained through the mouth (feeding, chewing, sucking fingers etc. ) From eighteen months to three years the child progresses into the â€Å"Anal Stage† this normally happens when the child goes through potty training and often as a result develops fascination in anus and faeces. The period of time between three and six years of age was coined as the â€Å"Phallic Stage† and it’s during this stage that the child develops features of the Oedipus complex (if male) or the Electra complex (if female). After the initial rush of feelings from the phallic stage have passed the child falls into the â€Å"Latent Stage† during which Freud claims there is no sexual development but this could be due to a suppression of the sexual feelings from the â€Å"Phallic stage. † The final stage of childhood according to Freud is the â€Å"Genital Stage† and depending on how the child’s feelings from their younger years were dealt with, this is the time when sexual desire develops and is explored deeper. So if a child is raised to deny themselves the sexual feelings their body releases then they may begin to feel sinful or guilty for having these feelings in the first place. Therefore for Freud to find a link between sex, guilt and religion is not entirely controversial. This all acts as evidence towards Freud’s theories and the relevance they hold in our society today. However, that said, there is plenty of reason why Freud’s theories are not at all relevant to us in such a developed society. Freud has been criticised for focusing on the link between a father figure and a â€Å"God† in religions such as Judaism and, of course, Christianity. He fails to address eastern cultures and religions, which are based on worship of female idols or Goddesses,† such as the Egyptian Isis cult and Buddhism who have no one single object of worship. One of Freud’s major critics, Bronislaw Malinowski, who went on to write a book called â€Å"Sex and Repression† disputed Freud’s theory that religion develops from sexual guilt caused from the Oedipus complex. He points out for Oedipus to be a complex it needs to be universal. You cannot apply a complex such as Oedipus to matriarchal tribes in which the male is not dominant and takes the role of a nurse. Malinowski also brings to our attention the lack of evidence for â€Å"Oedipus† within the animal kingdom, as Darwinism only applies to early mankind. Also there is less evidence of â€Å"Oedipus† leading to religion in our society today as it is becoming increasingly secular and fewer people are turning to religion. This could suggest that the Oedipus complex does not occur, or if it does it does not have a link to religion. It is more likely, however, that all children still do go through the Oedipus complex but as our society is more sexually liberated people are allowed to express sexual desire in other ways rather than it becoming sublimated and channelled into religion. Another key criticism of the â€Å"Oedipus Complex† is the suggestion that religion is a cause of the complex rather than a result of it. If it was not for religion then, it is possible, these sexual urges would not have been suppressed at an early stage and a complex would not begin to develop. It could be just a possible that a child was made to feel guilty about the loving feelings towards his Mother and as a consequence developed a complex (Oedipus. ) Rather than the â€Å"Oedipus Complex† leading to religion. Another more general criticism is that even if religion is a cause or result of guilt, or fear it still works as a â€Å"Buffer† between the soul and reality. It is essential to society, as, music, art or literature as it is an expression of self and belief. Therefore it is not sound to suggest, as Freud did that religion must be overthrown. † Donald Winnicott essentially presented this criticism of Freud’s work but is the popular feeling of many today. Psychology self – help book â€Å"Love is the Answer† presents the argument that some none – religious responses to misfortune of frustration e. g. Cynicism has actually been shown to be bad for physical health. So a â€Å"religious† view (of forgiving and repenting) might actually be health giving to us, and to dismiss it from our society would be to dismiss this positive outlook on life. So Freud’s theory may have been apt for his society, a society built on religious structure, and some of his points may appear to justify the behaviour of people today. But I feel that in the twenty-first century when we are all encouraged to express our beliefs, ideas, sexuality and â€Å"bare our souls†, a theory based on suppression (even if it is unconscious) seems radical. I think religion itself has become more liberal and has resulted in many â€Å"branches† of Christianity all with a different strand of tradition. Some â€Å"branches† base their morals on the word of the Bible where as others feel that we have to â€Å"update† the word of God and adapt it to how we live today. To apply a theory from a century ago is to digress, in the same way technology has evolved, and our knowledge of our universe and surroundings have developed, we have to advance spiritually. We have to question what we already know, even if this means abandoning Freud’s theories and all its implications. How to cite A study of the psychology of belief with reference to the influence of Freud, Papers

Car Manufacturing Industry

Question: You need articles between 4 to 6 from media (written by Uni Professors, Business leaders, Journalists, Government agencies like RBA/ABS/ACCC, or any other stakeholders in the industry) on your topic to write a decent assignment? Answer: Introduction to Automotive Industry Australia: Automotive industry which was once the dominant industry in Australia is about to come to an end in near future. Car manufacture in Australia once rose to half million in 1970s, after which it again rose to more than 400,000 in 2004 and by the end of 2009, this had fallen to 210,000. Now, Australias car market only composed of car import from Asia and Europe. The major car producers in Australia are Toyota, Holden and Ford which produces small rear wheel family cars. Changes in any industry are necessary with regard to change in economies. All the industries are required to give a due consideration to technology change and consumer demand. Australian manufacturing industry has started declining. GDP of manufacturing industry is showing a steep decline in market share. During 2014, the GDP rate was only around 8-9%. The industry has almost come to an end because of the shut down announcement of the three major car manufacturers. Ford decided and announced its closure by the end of 2016 stating a reason that their manufacturing costs of cars were double than its unit in Europe and four times higher than the manufacturing cost in Asia with and end of 1,200 jobs. Holden asked the government to provide further $265 million subsidy as it was a plan of Holden to invest $1 billion so that it can carry manufacturing activity till 2022. But, Mr. Abbotts government didnt allow the subsidy to Holden and Holden planned to shut the unit in Australia by the end of 2017. And following Ford and Holden, Toyota also announced its closure plan to be made effective by the end of 2017. Well, there are many reasons behind their announced closure plan. Reasons of the plant shut down by Holden, Ford and Toyota: The reason given by the Toyota for closing of its manufacturing plant was economies of scale. Toyota was not able to manufacture huge and plenty of cars because of high cost high wages problem. When compared with cheaper overseas market Toyota said that the plant wasnt making money. And there were plenty of reasons of the closure of the manufacturing industry. Even government didnt decide to support the manufacturing industry because of the low productivity, but government decided to give assistance to mining industry which is more productive compared to the manufacturing industry. Mining industry will create jobs and export income for Australia. But it is expected to also push the dollar up, which will make local industry less competitive, things made in local markets, will become more expensive and imports will be cheaper. There was a big demand of coal, iron ore, and natural gas in Asia, which was the biggest resource strength of Australia. Australia has a big mining industry which forced the Australian government to invest into and pour millions of dollar into energy and infrastructure projects. As the mining industry received a big support from Australian government, manufacturing industry declined. The car manufacturing industry was already on a small scale base and because of not receiving proper support from the government, high cost and strong Australian dollar value, made it difficult to survive for them in the industry. The resources and infrastructure boom led to high cost because of which the firms couldnt achieve the cost competitiveness. Manufacturing wages gone up by 48%, inflows from exports led Australian currency to gone up by 21% against U.S. dollar. Moreover, Australian labour productivity fell down by 1% over the ten year period. Improper work rules and lower investment in skills and labour productivity led to lower growth in manufacturing industry. Apart from the bad news of manufacturing sector, a good point to note over this news was increased productivity in different sectors like natural resources sector. The annual production in domestic as well as export market is now just 200,000 vehicles while before several years it was over 300,000. Best practise car makers produce minimum of 250,000 cars per year. While Australias three major producers together are not able to reach the minimum level of production. If we compare the car manufacturing industry with past, the industry has become so small now that every manufacturer has started relying on the other for survival. Component suppliers of all the three; Holden, Toyota and Ford were same. Another reason behind the end of car manufacturing industry was the rise in Australian dollar. The exchange rate is hurting the local car industry. The high value of the Australian dollar has made the competition with international market difficult. Therefore, there is less scope of exports while there is a major move towards import from international market. If the Australian dollar was at the average then locally made cars would be more competitive against import and in export market. When Industry minister John Button in 1984, decided to reform the automotive industry by introducing The Button Plan or The Motor Industry Development Plan, the industry gradually started to decline. The Buttons plan was to lower the tariffs, introduction of foreign competition, forcing industry consolidation and fostering an Australian export industry so that it can compete with the international market level. But as he lowered down the tariffs, the Australian dollar started rising and because of thi s rise in Australian dollar, cars production costs started rising up by $2,000 more than if the car is built somewhere else. However, the dollars fall in last year has reduced the import worries, but the productivity was almost lost by that time. One more added reason for the failure of automotive industry is decline in sales. Smaller vehicles as well as utes and 4*4s together account for 80% of total sales. Which are not produced by Australia as per the demand. Australian industry failed to adapt to the change in the local market and led to adverse effect on management. Long term decline in manufacturing industry was due to indifference made to it. The belief was that only those industries should be supported and be allowed manufacturing in the nation which has some natural and innate benefit arising out of it. Different governmental agencies saw the decline in manufacturing sector as a good thing as it frees up invested labour and capital which can floe to other major productive industries and can advantages to the industry like mining industry. One more argument for the closure of the industry was that the car industry is less productive, therefore it should be closed down in order to shift the productivity engaged in the car industry towards some other more productive businesses running in Australia. The labour and capital invested in the car industry should be diverted in order to have the benefit of the workers productivity. But, in reality if we check then the productivity of one worker in car industry in Australia was above average then other industries. Per worker, the productivity in car manufacturing industry was $100,000 compared to around $85,000 across the economy. Withdrawal of support to the car industry would definitely reduce the average productivity per employee in the Australian economy. The Australian industry which is already battling for growth will again fall down drastically because of the unemployment that will be faced due to the closure plan of the major car manufacturers. Last year, despite of many job losses, Australian industry still employs 8% of total Australian labour force. It gives middle wage, middle skills and full time employment working with the industry. The skill development of the labours will also decline as a result of the close of sector. The manufacturing industry trains workers and labours with the skills to install communication lines, setting up power stations, water plants transport systems. Manufacturing sector is the major supplier of these skills to the whole Australian industry. Probably 50,000 workers will have to end up with their jobs because of this harsh step taken by the car manufacturing industry including component manufacturing suppliers. Following the unemployment of the workers due to the plant closure decision of the Hol den, Toyota as well as Ford, government offered to assistance to Ford and Holden employees. But, Toyota workers were not promise any financial help to them. However, governments announcement to provide assistance to Ford and Holden employees relieved Toyota employees. $65 million and $100 million were separated to provide assistance to the Ford as well as Holden employees. Cheap imported component parts and cars are another reason for the close of the industry. Because of the high cost of locally purchased component parts, the manufacturers were facing high production cost problem. Imported component materials were cheap compared to locally made component parts. Because of the low import tariffs, public was attracted towards buying imported cars. Companies cannot charge lesser than their production cost. This was the reason of frequent losses made by the manufacturers. Shut down plans of the manufacturers will lead to unemployment in the component manufacturing industry as well. As the component suppliers were dependent on these three manufacturers, this is going to be the major downgrade to the Australian industry. Minimum wages required to be paid to the workers was another reason of this downfall. High wages, low import tariffs and high Australian dollar are the three big reasons of the end of the car manufacturing industry. The fall in manufacturing industry will hit the science and technology base of the nation too. Manufacturing industry employs directly one in every five engineers and indirectly employs many engineers as their consultants. Manufacturing industry businesses allocate $4.5 billion each year to research and development expenditure which is equal to one forth of total expenditure incurred by private sectors. The manufacturing industry employs scientists, skilled technicians as well as engineers for developing new technologies and adapting to the needs of local public. Not only technical research and development activity, non-research and development activities are also taken up by the industry like system innovation, business integration, etc. This downfall is going to affect the industry adversely for capacity for innovation and development. Australian manufacturing industry was classified as medium low and low technology category of nations. It was ranked low despite of heavy investment s made by manufacturing firms over past many years. This might have been the case because Australian industry was good in terms of academic research papers in science and technology, but when it came to converting it into commercial product and services, the ratio was low. If the Coalition government had devoted funds to the car industry, the industry would have survived for few more years. Because there were no chances to reduce the wage rates, or increase in import tariffs or rip up free Trade Agreements. Therefore, the only hope was government assistance. Government assistance was estimated between $500 million to $1 billion annually. The local car makers started struggling financially. Ford lost around $600 million since 2008. Holden made profit only twice between 2005 to 2012. Toyota made profit in 2012 around $149 million and lost around $150 million in last three years. The Tony Abbott led Coalition government denied further financial assistance to the manufacturers. Holden was given $275 million by Australian government in March 2012, and to further continue with the production till 2022, Holden requested further financial help of $265 million, which was declined by the Australian government. Ford was given financial assistance of $103 million to continue run the production till 2016. These were the financial assistance given by the government to the manufacturers in order to run the production till some further years. Productivity commission in the last year recommended eliminating all kind of subsidies as well as financial assistance to the car manufacturing industry. Productivity commission suggested companies to lower their cost rather than expecting a financial assistance from government. After the close down announcement of Ford and Holden, The commission insisted Toyota and trade unions to slash the wages and workers condition and after moving towards wage slash and workers conditions, if there are no profitability rises remarks then commission insisted to close down the plant. But, only denial of governments financial assistance was not the core reason of failure of automotive industry. Government denied further assistance only on the recommendation of Productivity Commissions report on Automotive Industry , which gave recommendation to the government only after analysing and focusing upon some factors and assessing the Automotive Industry well. Effect on the economy following the closure of manufacturing industry: Stability in macro economy will not be certain if the mining industry would be given preference over the manufacturing industry. Because mining industrys investment and commodity prices are uncertain and volatile as we as highly cyclical. It may cause the economy to swing between boom and bust. If we talk about trade balance and current accounts, then there will be a big deficit caused by the shutdown of plants. As there will be no locally produced alternatives to imported products. More money will be needed to borrow from international market to buy the foreign made products. Spending on imported goods will swamp export revenues. Dual economy will be created after manufacturing shutdown event. One will be highly productive and other will be low productive. One is a small group which includes resource extraction and finance sectors which are high productivity sectors. Other includes activity like child care, cleaning, security services, transport, education services which is low productivity sector. The later sector has lower productivity as well as low wages. Most of the job opportunities are provided by the later sector. During 2010-2011, most of the net employment in the industry was made by the second industry which is low productive. Food security is going to be the biggest problem too. The reason will be the decline in manufacturing industry. Food processing sector till now had fulfilled the domestic needs and generated good amount of export revenues. But, as the dollar is being overvalued and grocery shoppers have started squeezing the prices paid to suppliers and has started using imported house brands. Based on current data, in near future Australia will be a net importer of processed foods if the current scenario keeps on going. The Australian industry would be dependent only on export of its unprocessed agricultural and mineral commodities. Manufacturing industrys shutdown will create problems related to environment too. People often say that manufacturing industries create many environmental problems and leave the environment in pollution. But if we look at in more in a broad way, then it is clearly seen that decline in manufacturing industry would create many other pollution related problems. Because closing of this industry would pressurise the Australian economy to produce other energy products. That will require the clearance of land, national park developments, and will damage the water tables, rivers and oceans. Future plans of Australian government following the shut down announcement by car manufacturers: However, government decided to help the automotive industry till the end of their closure plan. After looking at the Productivity Commissions report, government declared some future plans to help workers and component suppliers to survive and to capitalise the new opportunities in different industries. Government responded to the Productivity Commissions report on the automotive manufacturing industry. Government planned to focus on Australian automotive workers, component makers and small businesses in manufacturing supply chain, providing them and train them for the new opportunities, new jobs and new businesses where they have international competitive edge. In October 2013, the Australian government asked the productivity Commission to take up an inquiry into the automotive industry of Australia as well as inquire about passenger motor vehicle and component production of automotive parts. The Productivity Commissions report focused on the factors that affected the car manufacturing industry in Australia and includes nine recommendations. The government support to the automotive industry as well as workers who will be retrenched after close of the plants by the end of 207 will be supported financially and other ways by providing them training and technology updating trainings. Government declared a plan to devote $155 million which is made up of five elements to help workers, businesses and local communities affected by the decision of Toyota, Ford and Holden. $20 million were declared to be devoted for the Automotive Diversification Programme. It was kept aside to assist suppliers to start with their business into other sectors. $30 million were set aside for personalised skills assessments and help to identify new jobs and $60 million plan of Next Manufacturing Investment Programme is being finalised. The plans also include $15 million to the Automotive Industry Structural Programme and a $30 million Regional Infrastructure Programme. The government is focusing on a National Industry Investment and competitive agenda, to focus on long term issues relating to competition, productivity and job opportunities in future. The Automotive Transformation Scheme will be in process till the end of 2017. The Productivity Commission recommended losing down the restrictions on the importation on second hand passenger and light commercial vehicle. But, the government hasnt yet taken any decision regarding restriction on importation of certain vehicles as government doesnt want Australian market to be a dumping ground of second hand vehicles. These were about the future plans of the Australian government on the unemployment which will be created following closure of the three main car manufacturers. Australian car industry is now about to end in the near future because of many reasons cited above which indicates that there are no future prospects in the coming years. The car industry is going towards ending its career with 60 years of experience in the Australian industry. At last, with the end of the manufacturing industry, there will be loss of thousands of jobs and in response to that government has released in budget 2014-15, to provide assistance and proper help to the employees who will be sacked from their jobs and the manufacturing industry as well till the date they continue their manufacturing business in the industry. Government has declared some skill development plans to where they will be given training to be able to cope up after their job cessation from manufacturing industry. Unemployed workers will also be given financial assistance and equipment training through Employment Pathway Fund. In short, we can say that Australian government has already made good and sufficient future plans to deal with the worst situations that are going to arise in the future due to manufacturing industrys harsh step to close down the industry in near future. References: ANON, N.D., Australian Government-Department of Industry and Science, Accessed on 25 January 2015, ANON, N.D., What do we lose if the car industry is allowed to fail?, Accessed on 25 January 2015, ANON, N.D., Australias Automotive Industry, Accessed on 25 January 2015, ANON, N.D., End of Australian Made Cars, Accessed on 25 January 2015, ANON, N.D., Why Australias Car Manufacturers Toyota, Holden and Ford-All Knocked Out, Accessed on 25 January 2015, ANON, N.D., How High Cost and Low Subsidies killed Australias Auto Industry, Accessed on 25 January 2015, ANON, N.D., End of Australian Car Manufacturing Could Cost Up to 39,000 Jobs, Accessed on 25 January 2015, ANON, N.D., Government Supports Auto Industry Transition, Accessed on 25 January 2015, ANON, N.D., Why Does Australia Needs Manufacturing Industry?, Accessed on 25 January 2015, ANON, N.D., The End of Australian Manufacturing, Accessed on 25 January 2015, ANON, N.D., Australias manufacturing Cost Competitiveness, Accessed on 25 January 2015,