Federal Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Federal Policy - Essay Example They often use emergency services because of the active act existing in the Labor act of 1986 that allows them to use emergency medical treatment. It has been noted that many undocumented immigrants are overrunning medical institutions because they are unable to pay their hospital bills. Healthcare end up uncompensated and this end up creating a threat to the viability of the hospital financially crippling its ability to provide care to other patients (Derose, Bahney, Lurie, & Escarce, 2009). The illegal immigrants create a burden to the United States economics in healthcare sector. The question remains whether it is an ethical and a moral responsibility for the United States government to the people regardless of whether they are legal citizens or illegal citizens. As this debate surrounding the issue of immigration continues being one of the major issues on the discussion, it is challenging to measure it. These concerns will make individuals examine the issue keenly and closely so that potential solutions can be identified. A possible solution that can be put forth to illegal immigration is Amnesty. Amnesty will allow any undocumented individuals to remain within the United States without any penalty. This solution will aim at providing green cards for all immigrants who are in the United States so that they can also play a role in building the country in different ways mostly economically. Derose, K. P., Bahney, B. W., Lurie, N., & Escarce, J. J. (2009). Review: Immigrants and Health Care Access, Quality, and Cost. Medical Care Research and Review, 66, 355–408.

All characters in the novel Of Mice and Men are lonely Essay Example for Free

All characters in the novel Of Mice and Men are lonely Essay All characters in the novel Of Mice and Men are either lonely, bored or in need of escaping from the soulless existence of the itinerant labour. It is based on a society of men leading empty lives, trapped in a lonely life, consisting mainly of hard physical work. There was not enough happiness, love and affection in their lives. The novel is set in California, the Southern states of America, in the 1930s around the time of the Great Depression. The ranch is based in Soledad; which is the Spanish word for Loneliness. The bunkhouse that the men sleep and live in is a long and rectangular building. The walls are white washed and the floor unpainted. In three of the four walls are small, square windows. In the fourth one was a solid door with a wooden latch. There are eight bunks, all with a nailed apple box over them with the opening forward. This made two small shelves for the personal belongings of each ranch hand occupying the certain bunk. On these shelves were little articles, soap, razors, talcum powder, Western magazines, medicines, little vials, combs and a few neckties. There was also a black cast iron stove, and a big square table in the centre of the room, with scattered playing cards across it, and surrounding the table were boxes for the men to sit on. The bunkhouse also had lice and roaches in it! Carlson and the other ranch hands all dream of owning their own land and living and working from this, resulting in wealth and happiness. This was known as the American Dream, this is shown as an opportunity to all people no matter how rich or poor they are. There is a lot of government propaganda, informing people that if they work hard and push their ambitions to the limit, they can make this dream reality. However they all knew, no matter how hard they worked or how successful they were, it was very unlikely of this dream ever becoming reality. Their way of escaping this disappointment was to collect their fifty bucks at the end of the month and of a weekend spend all of it on women and alcohol, usually at the nearest cat-house. During the week they play cards games or horseshoes. Crooks is very lonely, this is due to the fact that he is coloured and everyone knows him as a nigger! He is treated completely differently to all the others, an outsider. He is also crippled, after a horse kicked him and severely damaged his back. In the 1930s it was very racist in America and the coloured people werent allowed to speak up or were too scared to defend themselves in fear of what the white people would do to them. This is the situation Crooks is in. However he is the only coloured person at the ranch, so he has to accept all racial comments on his own. He has his own separate room, which isnt even a room it is a shed that leans off the side of the barn wall. He is isolated from everyone else, therefore unable to socialise. On one occasion Lennie entered the barn to see his pup. He saw Crooks light shining and stood in the doorway of Crooks room. Crooks saw him and said sharply you got no right to come in my room. This heres my room. Nobody got any right in here, but me. He then followed with I aint wanted in the bunkhouse and you aint wanted in my room, they play cards in there, but I cant play because Im black. They say I stink. Well, I tell you all of you stink to me. Crooks reads to amuse himself when he has nothing better to do. This keeps his mind off of the atmosphere and situation he is surrounded by in his everyday life. Curleys wife is perhaps one of the loneliest characters, trapped in her strict and original womans/wifes role. Her daily routine only ever consists of her doing housework, such as cooking Curleys dinner, washing Curleys clothes, making Curleys bed, cleaning Curleys house, etc. If Curley catches her talking to the ranch hands he is always very annoyed by it, she is to stay in the house. She is known as Curleys wife, no one knows her name so they cannot call her by it. One time when she enters the bunkhouse and begins to talk to the ranch hands, Crooks suggests Maybe you better go along to your own house now. We dont want no trouble. It is this idea that she is trouble that makes Curleys wife so upset and angry. Well, I aint giving you no trouble. Think I dont like to talk to somebody ever once in a while? Think I like to stick in that house alla time? Having a husband even makes her loneliness worse, because Curley is so strict about whom she socialises with and what she does. She calls him sarcastically a Swell guy, who Spends all his time sayin what hes gonna do to guys he dont like, and he dont like nobody. Curleys wife tries to escape her loneliness and sadness by dreaming of being an actress or a model. She had been offered the chance before I tell you I could of went with shows An a guy tol me he could put me in pitchers. Curleys wife is also very good at flirting, this attracts male attention. Therefore just for a moment she is listened to and is the centre of attention, this moment matters so much to her because she is being paid attention to for once, that she makes a very bad habit of it. However the ranch hands have got used to her scheming ways and do not want to risk getting canned because of a tart. However Lennie and George are different to the other ranch hands, they may live a lonely existence, but they have each other. Other than the other ranch hands expressing their feelings about their hopes, dreams, lonely lives etc, George and Lennie are the only characters we really get to know. All other ranch hands havent got a family or anything to look forward to, but it is different with George and Lennie; they believe they have a future and as long as they have got each other, it doesnt matter whether they have a family or not. These men love each other. They talk to each other and know that the other cares for them, because George looks after Lennie, and Lennie looks after George. However, George has a much greater job in looking after Lennie, than Lennie has in looking after George. Lennie is a bit of a dunce and is always forgetting things, but George has the brains. They both are physically well built, but Lennie does not realise his own strength sometimes, he is dangerously strong. Lennie is the physical side of the pair, whereas George is the mental. The fact that they have each other gives them more of a chance of success, than the other ranch hands. Lennie loves George to tell him what; one-day things will be like. Their dream is to one day buy a little house, with a ten acres, a winmill, a kitchen, an orchard to grow cherries, apples, peaches, cots, nuts, and a few berries, a section on the land to grow alfalfa that Lennie will use to feed the rabbits with, hutches and pens full with pigs, chickens, cows, goats, cats, pigeons, a dog and rabbits that Lennie could pet, a smoke house so they could kill the pigs and then smoke it, for smoked ham and bacon etc, and for them to literally live off the fatta the lan'. They would only work six or seven hours a day. Lennie likes to pet, smooth, soft, furry things, as a kind of comfort. Other than for George and animals, love and affection are withheld, not only from Lennie, but also for all the ranch hands. This is why they have their own individual comfort or way of escaping from the repetitive daily routine and loneliness. Candy is a dissimilar character from the other ranch hands. He is very lonely and sad. He has no hand, but a very old dog that he cares for very much. This dog is similar to Candy. They are both very old and when Carlson shoots the dog, because it smells, has no teeth, he cannot eat, is stiff with rheumatism, is nearly blind and Carlson thinks it will be better to put the dog out of his ageing misery. Candy wants people to treat him once he is canned like this. This is because he wont have no place to go, an he cant get no more jobs. The other ranch hands say that he can replace the dog with one of Lulus pups, but of course that wouldnt be the same, never is anyone or anything the equivalent, everyone and everything is unique. Candy seems to think that when he is dead, people will say the same thing about him. When a new ranch hand comes and replaces him, hell be forgotten. For obvious reasons Candy is upset and hurt by this. It is as if the characteristics of his dog and the way the other men treat the dog, symbolises Candy. Candy wants to join George and Lennie in their dream. Candy has already got three hundred bucks and another fifty coming at the end of the month, when the men get paid. He explains that he aint much good, but I could cook, tend the chickens, and hoe the garden some. Then when George and Lennie get their fifty bucks each at the end of the month, they will have four hundred and fifty bucks, and although the woman wants six hundred bucks, George thinks she will accept their offer as a deposit and then George will get a job and start to collect the rest, while Candy and Lennie could work on the land as well as sell eggs etc, making more money. This is Candys route of escaping. Everything seems to be falling into place and their dream looks like it could become reality. This is everything a man wants and Candy is thrilled he is part of it. However much their dream looks real, it all ends when Curleys wife tries her old tricks with Lennie. Curleys wife enters the barn, as Lennie sits there mourning over his pup, he has just accidentally killed! George has already warned Lennie about Curleys wife, says she is trouble, so Lennie refuses to talk to her, George says I aint to have nothing to do with you- talk to you or nothing. Curleys wife says in a innocent voice, All the guys got a horse-shoe tenement goin on, so Why cant you talk to me? She eventually persuades Lennie that it is safe to talk to her. They talk for ages and Lennie tells her how he likes to pet nice things with my fingers, sof things. She tells Lennie to feel right here, on her hair. Lennie was enjoying stroking her hair until she warned him not to muss it up. She then got angry because Lennie wasnt listening to her. She went to pull away and Lennie clasped his fingers tightly in her hair and wouldnt let go. She began to shout, you let go. Lennie began to get scared because he thought George would hear and go mad. He covered her mouth and nose to prevent her screaming, and continued to beg her to be quiet. She continued to struggle and he shook her. Suddenly her body flopped like a fish. She was dead! Lennie ran to the brush that George had told him to hide in when they first arrived in Soledad if he ever got into trouble. When Candy found Curleys wife dead and told all the ranch hands, they all knew it was Lennie! Most of the men wanted to kill Lennie, but George got there first. George knew that Lennie would be scared if half a dozen men ran towards him shooting, but if George was to do it at the back of his head, just like Candys old dog it would be pain free. When George found him, Lennie asked for the story of their dream to be told to him and questioned George why he wasnt mad at him, but obviously if this was Georges last moments with Lennie he didnt want to be mad at him. As George told the story and paused every so often, Lennie would say go on or Gonna do it soon as if he knew what George was about to do and was encouraging George to get it over and done with. George finally shot Lennie. Lennie jarred forward and the settled peacefully as he lay on the sand. George just sat stiffly and silently n the bank, looking at his hand that had just pulled the trigger disgustedly. George knew it was for the best, where ever they were to go Lennies unrecognised strength would lead to trouble; it had already, both in Weed and Soledad. Lennie was trapped by his strength. Although, Lennie has now been released from pain by no longer being able to kill others and from not getting shot by half a dozen men cruelly, but peacefully by George. The upsetting thing is, that Lennie was so afraid of being alone and away from George, and now he was just that. It was all over!!! George is now free; he is no longer trapped by his want of freedom, of constantly looking after Lennie. I think the novel tries to give us the message that people try to lead their lives as successfully as possible, in order to result in the best possible outcome. However this is very hard to succeed. The ranch hands wanted the American Dream to become reality, but is very unlikely and as shown does not happen. The novel gave a very positive view of the American dream, but this is erroneous and does not come true. The chances of finding true, lasting friendship and happiness are also very unlikely as it is always spoilt by misfortune, arguments, inconveniences and sometimes death, as in this case.

Health Care Needs Assessment Plan

Health Care Needs Assessment Plan WHO Needs Assessment Project Introduction This research gives commonsense help and direction to a nurse, undertaking group wellbeing needs appraisal and assessment. It gives data and guidance on the phases of necessities appraisal, empowering the attendant to finish the procedure sensibly inside her/his regular work. (Anderson TV) This project utilizes a comprehensive model of well being, accentuating the social, financial and social figures that influence well being and in addition singular conduct. The idea of need utilized as a part of this project, fuses those needs felt and communicated by neighborhood individuals and additionally those characterized by the experts. Research Questions Identification of the real hazard elements and reasons for sick wellbeing; and empowers the distinguishing proof of the activities required to address these. Terms and Definitions Health and Needs Assessment: It is a key device to advise dispatching and administration arranging, and can be characterized as a methodical technique for distinguishing the unmet wellbeing and medicinal services needs of a populace, and rolling out improvements to help. (Daniels, 2007) Proposal to the client Health needs assessment is the precise methodology to guaranteeing that the wellbeing administration uses its assets to enhance the strength of the populace in the most productive way. It includes epidemiological, qualitative, and relative strategies to portray wellbeing issues of a populace; distinguish disparities in wellbeing and access to administrations; and focus needs for the best utilization of assets. (Stevens, 2004) Health needs are those that can profit from human services or from more extensive social and natural changes. Fruitful wellbeing needs evaluations oblige a down to earth understanding of what is included, the time and assets important to attempt appraisals, and sufficient joining of the results into arranging and appointing of neighborhood administrations Objectives Health awareness needs are those that can profit from health awareness (well being training, ailment counteractive action, finding, treatment, recovery, terminal consideration). Most specialists will consider needs as far as health awareness benefits that they can supply. Patients, be that as it may, may have an alternate perspective of what would make them healthier for instance, a vocation, a transport course to the doctors facility or well being focus, or tolerable lodging. Health needs consolidate the more extensive social and natural determinants of health, for example, hardship, lodging, eating methodology, instruction, work. This more extensive definition permits us to look past the restrictions the therapeutic model focused around well being administrations, to the more extensive impacts on health (box). (Green)Well being needs of a populace will be always showing signs of change, and numerous wont be amiable to restorative intercession. Literature Review The World Health Organizations meaning of health is frequently utilized: Health is a condition of complete physical, mental, and social well being and not just the nonappearance of malady or illness. A more sentimental definition would be Freuds: Well being is the capacity to work and to love. Evaluation of wellbeing needs is not just a methodology of listening to patients or depending on individual experience. It is a deliberate system for distinguishing unmet wellbeing and health awareness needs of a populace and rolling out improvements to help. It includes an epidemiological and qualitative methodology to deciding needs which fuses clinical and cost viability and patients viewpoints. This methodology must offset clinical, moral, and monetary contemplations of need—that is, the thing that ought to be carried out, what is possible, and what can be afforded. Wellbeing needs evaluation ought to not simply be a strategy for measuring sick wellbeing, as this expects that something is possible to handle it. Consolidating the idea of an ability to profit presents the imperativeness of adequacy of wellbeing mediations and endeavors to make unequivocal what profits are, no doubt sought after. (Anne Robotham, 2010)Economists contend that the ability to profit is continuall y going to be more prominent than accessible assets and that wellbeing needs evaluation ought to likewise join inquiries of need setting, proposing that a lot of people needs appraisals are just preoccupations from the troublesome choices of apportioning. Imperatively, wellbeing needs appraisal likewise gives a strategy for observing and advancing value in the procurement and utilization of wellbeing administrations and tending to imbalances in health. The imperativeness of evaluating wellbeing needs instead of responding to wellbeing requests is broadly perceived, and there are numerous cases of necessities evaluation in essential and auxiliary care. (Adler, 2008) There is no simple, brisk fix formula for wellbeing needs evaluation. Distinctive subjects will require diverse methodologies. These may include a combo of qualitative and quantitative examination techniques to gather unique data, or adjusting and exchanging what is now known or accessible. The jolt for these appraisals i s frequently the individual enthusiasm of an individual or the accessibility of new financing for the improvement of wellbeing administrations. Notwithstanding, evaluations ought to likewise be incited by the vitality of the wellbeing issue (regarding recurrence, effect, or expense), the event of discriminating episodes (the passing of a patient dismissed on the grounds that the emergency unit full), proof of viability of a mediation, or production of new research discoveries about the load of an ailment. (Kathy O, 2007) Methodology Research design: An overview study was led intending to delineate the occurrence of all manifestations of working environment brutality in the wellbeing part. Quantitative information were gathered through surveys. Individual talks with and center gathering meetings were directed to acquire qualitative information. Population and sample size: In the qualitative part planning to check the meaning of working environment viciousness and different perspectives, eight target gatherings were incorporated. They were as per the following: (1) Agent associations (2) Private holders of wellbeing administrations (3) Wellbeing segment faculty (4) Wellbeing powers (5) Administration (6) Patients/customers (7) Word related wellbeing and security pros (8) Legal counselors Information from the target gathering of wellbeing segment faculty were for the most part acquired through 15 center gathering meetings comprising of 90 work force enlisted as per accessibility. The quantity of members in each one gathering fluctuated from 3 to 9. Practically the greater part of the gatherings comprised of same-sex work force from the same callings and levels. One and only gathering of emergency vehicle staff parts was included both senior and lesser people. The time used in each one gathering meeting fluctuated from 60 to 180 minutes. Center gathering meetings were halted when got the information: got to be repetitive. For whatever is left of the target bunches, information were gotten through formal individual meetings and infrequently casual meetings from 25 persons. A couple of meetings were directed through phone. In the quantitative part, all real wellbeing and wellbeing related settings accessible were incorporated so as to speak to the national wellbeing framework. It covers the settings in all geographic levels, in country, suburban, and urban regions, at three levels of health awareness, and from both government and non-government areas. Research tools: Questions for center gathering dialogs and top to bottom meetings, and in addition survey gave by ILO/ICN/WHO/PSI were deciphered into the local dialect by the analysts. Data Collection For the quantitative information, the analysts and/or the exploration partners reached the important powers for consent to gather information. The motivation behind the examination venture and additionally the methods and systems for survey study were clarified. After that the specialists and/or research aides dispersed the surveys through incidental irregular inspecting strategies. Data Analysis Quantitative information was broke down by the SPSS 9.0 product program. Spellbinding detail was utilized to represent the demographic qualities of the specimen. The contrasts of the frequencies of viciousness crosswise over different elements were dissected through Chi-square. Qualitative information was broke down by substance investigation. Assessment Results The aftereffects of this study focused around quantitative and qualitative information investigation are introduced at the same time as takes after: Demographic attributes of the specimen Size, attributes, extent of savagery Impacting variables in the connection of work environment viciousness Impacts and effect of brutality at work in the wellbeing part Individual, institutional, and deliberate reactions towards brutality Against brutality techniques For individual practices and wellbeing experts, wellbeing needs evaluation gives the chance to: Depicting the examples of ailment in the nearby populace and the distinctions from area, local, or national infection designs; Adapting all the more about the needs and needs of their patients and the neighborhood populace; Highlighting the territories of unmet need and giving an acceptable set of destinations to work towards to help; Choosing normally how to utilize assets to enhance their nearby populaces wellbeing in the best and productive way; Affecting strategy, interagency coordinated effort, or innovative work needs. Negative Results An extraordinary number of gay wellbeing work force need to disguise their sexual introduction however some like to unveil it. One male member seeing himself as female, giving an individual question on November 30, expressed that he felt extremely resentful in 21that his administrators did not acknowledge him as female. Case in point, they rebuked him for having long hair and wearing making-up. His tormenting emotions had created since he was a nursing understudy on the grounds that representation toward oneself as a female was illegal by the regulations of the school. He was exceptionally discouraged to be compelled to have short hair like guys. He said that that appearance was not he. Be that as it may, he traversed it in view of the great backing from his scholastic counselor. As a part of the nursing staff, he was here and there sexually bothered by male partners however never by patients. He said that patients never dismisses or disregarded him. His associates additionally regar ded him. Summary In this study, more than half portion of the wellbeing faculty accomplished work environment roughness in the earlier year. Verbal ill-use was the most widely recognized sort while racial provocation was the minimum basic. The best numbers of victimized people were females. Notwithstanding, guys had more inclinations to experience viciousness, particularly physical savagery, tormenting/mobbing, and racial badgering, than did females. Staff who were at danger for working environment savagery were the individuals who were adolescent, had few years of working knowledge, worked in suburban regions, worked in movements and during the evening; and had communication and physical contact with patients/customers. The lions share of culprits were patients/customers, relatives of patients/customers, and associates. Psychiatric patients and medication/liquor ill-use patients, those with head wounds, and in serious torment, were destined to be brutal and harsh. Doctors and high-position staff were liable to be misled by patients while staff parts had a tendency to be exploited by their associates. The mental attributes of culprits were seen by the subjects to be noteworthy helping components. Stress from work-over-burden and considerable changes because of changes in the wellbeing administration and common administration frameworks were different variables. At the time of study, there was no specific regulation for brutality counteractive action and control. Rules for managing forceful patients were accessible just in psychiatric units/healing centers. Recommendations The organization of counteractive action programs in every wellbeing setting ought to be empowered also upheld. The system target gatherings ought to incorporate both male and female staff, particularly youngsters and the individuals who have few years of working background. These projects can be actualized through the foundation of specific projects for roughness anticipation or coordinating them into existing work environment wellbeing advancement programs. Program exercises ought to included preparing in social and life abilities, stretch and displeasure administration aptitudes, and in addition specifically abilities for determining interpersonal clashes and managing vicious persons and circumstances. The rate of work environment roughness ought to be observed constantly at national and hierarchical levels. There ought to be specific persons or advisory groups in charge of work environment viciousness cases, including observation and observing, archiving, examination, exploited p erson payment, aid for exploited people and culprits, and culprit discipline. The advisory group ought to be touchy to this issue and proficient in all parts of work environment savagery, particularly its causes and its effect on people and associations and additionally regulations and lawful data relationship with it. Workshops for these advisory groups are proposed. Reporting the episodes ought to be energized. Systems for reporting ought to be reasonable and plausible. All the more imperatively, inspirational disposition to reporting must be created among wellbeing faculty. That is, the message of the point of making strides facultys prosperity as opposed to giving discipline ought to be made clear. Episode structures ought to be accessible and available. Unacknowledged letters will be an alternative if the staff doesn’t believe the reporting methodology. References Adler, N. E. (2008). Cancer Care for the Whole Patient: Meeting Psychosocial Health Needs. Retrieved from http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=w6srDIFDWv0Cprintsec=frontcoverdq=health+needshl=ensa=Xei=EHhTVK-SHpDwaMCsgLgOved=0CD0Q6AEwBjgK#v=onepageq=health needsf=false Anderson TV, M. G. (n.d.). The challenge of medical practice variations. Retrieved from http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=PA08eacjKNICpg=PA27lpg=PA27dq=Anderson+TV,+Mooney+G.+The+challenge+of+medical+practice+variations.source=blots=rzc5SRr9Jqsig=K30R8eHX29e_XSo8M5aOkebTw5Uhl=ensa=Xei=inZTVMOiIYfVarq1gvgFved=0CB0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage Anne Robotham, M. F. (2010). Health Visiting: Specialist Community Public Health Nursing. Retrieved from http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=64p0LAVYECpg=PA264dq=health+needshl=ensa=Xei=EHhTVK-SHpDwaMCsgLgOved=0CCkQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepageq=health needsf=false Daniels, N. (2007). Just Health: Meeting Health Needs Fairly. Retrieved from http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=DrVLvi0r6JICprintsec=frontcoverdq=health+needshl=ensa=Xei=KXdTVKOGE4LeaMDlgfAOved=0CBwQ6AEwAA#v=onepageq=health needsf=false Green, J. (n.d.). Health Promotion: Planning and Strategies. Retrieved from http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=x_Iyz8HPpsMCpg=PA206dq=health+needshl=ensa=Xei=EHhTVK-SHpDwaMCsgLgOved=0CCIQ6AEwATgK#v=onepageq=health needsf=false Kathy O, N. (2007). Putting People and Health Needs on the Map. Retrieved from http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=gmqPqwObF8ACpg=PA30dq=health+needshl=ensa=Xei=dXlTVJDHLZDTaOXbgJgMved=0CC8Q6AEwAzgU#v=onepageq=health needsf=false Stevens, A. (2004). Health Care Needs Assessment: The Epidemiologically Based Needs. Retrieved from http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=JJHIFeOD7jsCprintsec=frontcoverdq=health+needshl=ensa=Xei=KXdTVKOGE4LeaMDlgfAOved=0CEcQ6AEwCA#v=onepageq=health needsf=false

RFID Tagging :: essays research papers

RFID, which is radio frequency identification, uses tiny tags that contain a processor and an antenna and can communicate with a detecting device. RFID is intended to have many applications with supply chain and inventory control to be the drivers of utilization. RFID has been around for a long time. During World War II, RFIDs were used to identify friendly aircraft. Today, they are used in wireless systems, for example, the E-Z passes you see on the turnpikes. The major problem until recently has been cost for RFIDs. Tags have been at a cost of 50 cents, which makes it hard to utilize or really unusable for low priced items. A company based out of California called Alien Technology has invented tags for less than 10 cents a piece on large mass runs. The major benefit expected from RFID is its potential for revolutionizing the supply chain management, but RFID could have many applications, ranging from payment collections on highways, to finding lost kids in amusement parks, to prev enting cell phones from being stolen.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The RFID tag itself is about the size of a pinhead or grain of sand. The tag includes an antenna and a chip that contains an electronic product code. Industry professionals expect the RFID tag to eventually replace the barcode as identification system of choice. The electronic product code stores much more information than a regular bar code that is capable of storing information like when and where the product was made, where the components come from, and when they might perish. Unlike barcodes, which needs a line-of-sight to be read, RFIDs do not need a line-of-sight. There are two types of RFID tags call active and passive. An active tag uses its own battery power to contact the reader. It works greater distance than passive tags, but has a drawback because of the larger size. A passive tag does not require a battery, but it derives its power from the electromagnetic field created by the signal from the RFID reader. This generates enough power for the tag to re spond to the reader with its information, while the range is smaller than active tags, having no battery make the tags useful life almost unlimited and the size much smaller than active tags. In any event, the key feature of the technology is the ability for an RFID-tagged object to be tracked instantly from anywhere in the world, provided that the reader is in range.

Consumer Preception Towards Online Shoping

Council for Innovative Research www. cirworld. com International Journal of Management & Information Technology Volume 1, No 1, May, 2012 CONSUMER’S PERCEPTION TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING- THE CASE OF PUNJAB Pawan Singh Rathour ABSTRACT India has more than 100 million internet users out of which one half opt for online purchases and the number is rising sharply every year. The growth in the number of online shoppers is greater than the growth in Internet users, indicating that more Internet users are becoming comfortable to shop online.The capability of purchasing without leaving your place is of great interest to many consumers. Not only does online shopping offer really good deals, but also brings optimum convenience to the consumers. Moreover, the use of Internet tools for price searching and comparison provides an additional advantage in consumers’ final decision, as they can purchase their desired products in the lowest available price. This paper focuses on the unders tanding of demographic profiles of adopters and non-adopters of online shopping.For this purpose the data from 400 respondents was collected in the form of questionnaires. The study has been conducted in 3 cities of Punjab, a sample of urban respondents were selected from the Jalandhar, Ludhiana and Amritsar The paper also analyses the various reasons for adoption and non-adoption of online shopping. KEYWORDS: Online Shopping, Consumer Perception, Factor analysis, Adopters and Non-Adopters of online shopping REVIEW OF LITERATURE Bellman et al (1999) investigated various predictors for whether an individual will purchase online.These authors concluded that demographic variables, such as income, education and age, have a modest impact on the decision of whether to buy online, whereas the most important determinant of online shopping was previous behaviour, such as earlier online purchases. Standing (1999) stated that traditionally retail travel agencies have acted as intermediaries be tween airline companies and wholesale travel companies and the consumer. The Internet and the World Wide Web provide a whole new set of challenges and opportunities for this business sector.The major threat stems from airlines and wholesale travel companies offering their products and services directly to the customer without the assistance of travel agencies. Large online agencies have gained significant attention in the travel industry and provide some evidence of a restructuring of the travel industry sector. Leong (2001) examined the marketing strategies adopted by local hotel establishments in the competitive hospitality industry. It also analyses the adoption and role of information technology in strategic marketing.It was found that most hotels seemed to have embraced the marketing concept, given the existence of extensive marketing plans. Although most hotels appeared to have successfully incorporated information technology into their marketing campaigns, the level of commit ment seemed to be insignificant. Following a brief comparison with a similar US study, the paper concludes that there are only minor differences between US and Singapore hotels in terms of their marketing practices. Parasuraman (2002) stated that the motivations for this special issue and propose a conceptual framework pertaining to the issue’s theme.Using this frameworks a backdrop, they then offer an overview of the remaining articles by segmenting them into categories and discussing their relationship to the framework. They conclude by highlighting research avenues for augmenting our understanding of marketing to and serving customers through the Internet. Sigala (2003) stated that despite the exponential growth of e-commerce on the Internet, little is still known on how the new medium is transforming marketing concepts/practices and their effectiveness.This empirical study aims to fill in this gap. This article first analyzes the Internet's capabilities and features as we ll as the new virtual market space that Internet advances have fostered. After reviewing models and strategies for Internet marketing, an Internet marketing mix is proposed based on the Internet strategies of hotels in Greece that were investigated. Know and Lee (2003) explored consumers’ concerns about payment security and its relationship to online shopping attitude and actual purchases.They observed a negative relationship between attitude towards online shopping and concerns about online payment security. Consumers with a positive attitude seem to be less concerned about payment security. Bechrer (2004) stated that Internet marketing is a field that is continuing to grow, and the online auction concept may be defining a totally new and unique distribution alternative. Very few studies have examined auction sellers and their INTRODUCTION With nearly half of the Indian population being young and net savvy, there has been an extra ordinary rise in the numbers of online shopp ers.The recent growth in the mall culture in the country has in fact made consumers more aware about different options and encouraged them to search and eventually purchase online. India has more than 100 million internet users out of which one half opt for online purchases and the number is rising sharply every year. The growth in the number of online shoppers is greater than the growth in Internet users, indicating that more Internet users are becoming comfortable to shop online.Until recently, the consumers generally visit online to reserve hotel rooms and buy air, rail or movie tickets, books and gadgets and gizmos, but now more and more offline product like clothes – saris, kurtis, T-shirts – shoes, and designer lingerie, consumer durables are being purchased online. At present the market is estimated at Rs. 46000 crore and is growing at 100 percent per year. The two most commonly cited reasons for online shopping have been convenience and price. The capability of purchasing without leaving your place is of great interest to many consumers.Not only does online shopping offer really good deals, but also brings optimum convenience to the consumers. Moreover, the use of Internet tools for price searching and comparison provides an additional advantage in consumers’ final decision, as they can purchase their desired products in the lowest available price . On the contrary, privacy and security have been the great concerns, resulting many people to browse the Internet for informational matters than for buying online. 1|Page www. ijmit. com Council for Innovative Research www. cirworld. om International Journal of Management & Information Technology Volume 1, No 1, May, 2012 internet marketing strategies. This research examines the internet auction phenomenon as it relates to the marketing mix of online auction sellers. The data in this study indicate that, whilst there is great diversity among businesses that utilize online auctions, disti nct cost leadership and differentiation marketing strategies are both evident. These two approaches are further distinguished in terms of the internet usage strategies employed by each group.Ryan (2004) conducted a research on the mosaic of institutional issues associated with gaining credibility for internet marketing standards. Strong claims for a predominantly self-regulatory approach are reviewed in conjunction with other factors that inhibit credibility, namely: competing internet worldviews, weak moral coherency and offline ambiguity about respective institutional roles, especially as regards moral dimensions of notions of regulation and self-regulation. Wang (2006) conducted a research to examine the current use and predict future Web-based marketing activities of U. S. onvention and visitor bureaus. A survey was sent to 600 randomly selected American convention and visitor bureaus with a focus on assessing the applications included in the bureaus’ Web sites, their Web site promotion techniques, and customer relationship management programs in relation to these Web sites. The results indicate that most bureaus’ Internet marketing activities are relatively limited, focusing on providing travel information to prospective visitors. Bengtsson (2007) stated that adopting the Internet for advanced marketing operations opens up challenging opportunities for firms of all sizes.However, such adoption might destroy investments in present market channels and thus has the characteristics of radical innovation. The results of analysis show that composition of factors on which firms base their decision to adopt advanced Internet-based marketing operations varies significantly with firm size. Chin ting (2010) stated that few school or educational studies have simultaneously explored both internet marketing and organizational commitment, and of those that have, only direct effects were examined. This study clarifies the relationship between school organiz ation’s internet arketing and teachers’ organizational commitment by examining the mediating role of teachers’ job involvement and job satisfaction. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The study has been conducted to identify the consumer’s perception towards online shopping in Punjab. The specific objectives of the study are: ? ? To identify the demographic profile of adopters and non-adopters of online shopping in Punjab. To identify the various reasons for adoption and non-adoption of online shopping by the consumers of Punjab DATABASE AND METHODOLOGY The research is primarily descriptive in nature.The data was collected in the form of questionnaires. The study has been conducted in 3 cities of Punjab, a sample of urban respondents were selected from the Jalandhar, Ludhiana and Amritsar. The survey was carried out on 450 respondents. However, 31 Questionnaires were found to be incorrect or irrelevant, so a total of 50 questionnaires were deliberately rejected. Hence, the study sample was reduced to 400 respondents. The data was collected personally (and via emails) in the months of January 2012 to March 2012. The questionnaire was pretested in order to identify possible problems in terms of clarity and accuracy.Thus, several changes were made in order to improve the presentation of the items, based on comments and feedback. Apart from demographic-related questions, fivepoint Likert scale was used for all the questions concerning consumers’ expectations and perceptions about the online shopping. Most of the Respondents of the age group 36-45 years (44. 6%) were found to be adopters of online shopping (Table 1). Most of the Males (55. 3%) were the adopters as compared to females, where 53. 7% were non-adopters. The adopters were mostly post graduates (48. 9%) with monthly income in the range of Rs. 0000-Rs. 30000. The respondents those who use internet from 5 to 7 hours a day were found to be adopters of online shopping. The consumer respon ses ranked the retail websites at Number 1 with Electronics and comparison shopping websites at Number 2 and 3 respectively. Home items were ranked at Number 10 by the Punjab consumers (Table 2) Table 1 : Demographic profile of Adopters and Non Adopters Demographics Adopters No. Age: 15-25 26-35 36-45 Above 46 Gender: Female Male 84 104 44. 6% 55. 3% 114 98 53. 7% 46. 2% df=1 chi-square=53. 892 p=0. 000 34 67 84 03 18. 0% 35. 6% 44. % 1. 5% 45 72 91 04 21. 2% 33. 9% 42. 9% 1. 8% df=3 chi-square=48. 241 p=0. 000 % Non Adopters No. % Chi – square 2|Page www. ijmit. com Council for Innovative Research www. cirworld. com Education: Under Graduate Graduate Post Graduate Any Other Monthly Income: Under Rs. 10000 Rs. 10000-Rs. 20000 Rs. 20000-Rs. 30000 More than Rs. 30000 Not Employed Daily usage of the Internet 1 hour and below 1-3 hours 3. 1-5 hours 5. 1-7 hours 7 hours and above 21 38 56 65 08 18 37 78 55 00 31 43 92 20 International Journal of Management & Information Technology Volume 1, No 1, May, 2012 6. 4% 22. 8% 48. 9% 10. 6% 56 62 86 08 26. 4% 29. 2% 40. 5% 3. 7% df=3 chi-square=72. 452 p=0. 000 9. 5% 19. 6% 41. 4% 29. 2% 0. 0% 42 51 69 45 05 19. 8% 24. 0% 32. 5% 21. 2% 2. 3% df=4 chi-square=67. 453 p=0. 000 11. 1% 20. 2% 29. 7% 34. 5% 4. 2% 47 53 71 39 02 22. 1% 25. 0% 33. 4% 18. 3% 0. 94% df=4 chi-square=77. 344 p=0. 000 Table 2: Most visited category of websites: Category of Websites Retail Consumer Electronics Comparison Shopping Computer Hardware Apparel Movies Books Flowers/Gifts/Greetings Jewelry/Luxury Goods/Accessories Home itemsRank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mean 3. 45 3. 12 2. 98 2. 87 2. 64 2. 55 2. 03 1. 76 1. 46 1. 55 Reasons for adoption or non-adoption of online shopping The factor analysis was applied on the responses provided by respondents. Factor analysis is a good way of identifying latent or underlying factors from an array of seemingly important variables. In a more general way, factor analysis is a set of techniques, which, by anal yzing correlations between variables, reduces their number into fewer factors, which explain much of the original data, more economically. (Malhotra,2002).In the present study, the factor analysis was applied in order to identify the various reasons for online shopping by the consumers, the responses obtain were put to factor analysis and the result so obtain were Table 3 : KMO and Bartlett’s test subject to Kaiser- Meyer- Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity. The approximate chi-square value is 621. 103 with df 290, which is significant at 0. 000 level. (Table 3). The value of KMO statistics (0. 783) is also large (; 0. 5). Hence, all factors are not considered equally important for Television viewing.From table 4, it is evident that the first four variables represent the 62. 092 % of variance. Therefore, only these four factors with the variance greater than 1. 0 are retained and the other factors are not included in the model. T hus, from eigen values in table 3, we extract only 4 factors from the 13 variables. 3|Page www. ijmit. com Council for Innovative Research www. cirworld. com International Journal of Management & Information Technology Volume 1, No 1, May, 2012 Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx.Chi-Square Degree of Freedom Significance .783 621. 103 290 . 000 Table 4: Total Variance explained Initial Eigenvalues Component 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Total 4. 150 3. 144 2. 718 1. 411 0. 892 0. 789 0. 618 0. 601 0. 590 0. 449 0. 332 0. 217 0. 189 % of Variance 27. 823 14. 230 10. 783 9. 256 6. 068 5. 130 5. 003 4. 781 4. 350 4. 263 2. 963 2. 788 2. 562 Cumulative % 27. 823 42. 053 52. 836 62. 092 68. 160 73. 290 78. 293 83. 074 87. 424 91. 687 94. 650 97. 438 100. 00 Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Total 4. 150 3. 144 2. 718 1. 411 % of Variance 27. 823 14. 230 10. 783 9. 56 Cumulative % 27. 823 42. 053 52. 836 62. 092 Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings Total 3. 921 3. 101 2. 318 1. 290 % of Variance 27. 823 14. 230 10. 783 9. 256 Cumulative % 27. 823 42. 053 52. 836 62. 092 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis Factor loadings are simple correlations between the variables and factors. The most commonly used method is the Varimax Table 5:Rotated Component Matrix rotation procedure. This is an orthogonal method of rotation that minimizes the number of variables with high loadings of a factor, thereby enhancing the interpretability of the factors.Orthogonal rotations results in factors that are uncorrelated. Component S. No. Statements 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 I prefer to purchase online due to heavy discounts available online It is easier to buy online rather than going on to shop at store Shopping online gives you larger options to choose from It is easier to pay online through credit card or direct bank transfer The quality of products purchased online from trusted sites is very good and are available at economical pri ces Shopping online saves my time and money as I don’t have to go through heavy traffic besides saving fuel 609 . 361 . 212 . 341 . 425 . 380 .427 . 521 . 517 . 489 . 336 .379 . 389 . 412 . 656 . 316 .235 . 260 . 352 . 419 . 296 6 .552 .272 .461 4|Page www. ijmit. com Council for Innovative Research www. cirworld. com 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 International Journal of Management & Information Technology Volume 1, No 1, May, 2012 . 402 . 642 . 285 . 403 . 502 . 325 . 580 . 326 . 561 . 223 . 326 . 346 . 436 . 352 . 561 . 452 . 311 . 262 . 663 . 516 . 431 . 613 . 497 . 591 . 570 . 371 . 696 . 280I am a bit concerned about the security and privacy of my payments online I cannot buy all the products on discount but some selected products only There are some shipping delays in getting the product I do not use the credit card so I cannot often shop online I prefer to purchase online due to easement of online buying procedures I physically need to check the products before purchasing it I ca n read the reviews also before purchasing online which helps me to select the right product at economical pricesPrincipal Component Analysis under the rotation method (Varimax with Kaiser Normalization), rotation converged in 15 iterations. The following four components (Table 6) may be extracted: Component 1: Factor 1,5,8,13 (Price Consciousness) Component 2:Factor 2,3,6 (Convenience and Variety) Component 3:Factor 4,11 (Easy payment options) Component shopping) 4:Factor 7,9,10,12 (Challenges of online The rotated component matrix suggests presence of the four interrelated factors.Table 6: Naming of Factors Factor No. F1 Name of Dimension Price Consciousness Item No. 1 I prefer to purchase online due to heavy discounts available online Variables Factor loading . 609 5 8 13 F2 Convenience and Variety 2 3 6 F3 Easy payment options 4 11 F4 Challenges of online shopping 7 9 10 12 The quality of products purchased online from trusted sites is very good and are available at economical pr ices I cannot buy all the products on discount but some selected products only.I can read the reviews also before purchasing online which helps me to select the right product at economical prices It is easier to buy online rather than going on to shop at store Shopping online gives you larger options to choose from Shopping online saves my time and money as I don’t have to go through heavy traffic besides saving fuel It is easier to pay online through credit card or direct bank transfer I prefer to purchase online due to easement of online buying procedures. I am a bit concerned about the security and privacy of my payments online There are some shipping delays in getting the product.I do not use the credit card so I cannot often shop online I physically need to check the products before purchasing it .425 . 642 . 580 . 521 . 517 . 552 . 656 . 663 . 613 . 591 . 570 . 696 Price Consciousness: It is the most significant factor with 27. 823 percent of total variance explained. T his explains the intent of Punjab Consumers being price sensitive. Most of the consumers prefer to buy some selected products online because they will get heavy discounts in comparison to store purchases. Also, the consumers feels that there are good websites available which can be trusted for purchases. |Page www. ijmit. com Council for Innovative Research www. cirworld. com International Journal of Management & Information Technology Volume 1, No 1, May, 2012 Convenience and Variety: It is the second most significant factor with 14. 230 percent of total variance explained. The consumers perceive that shopping online gives them larger options to choose from. Shopping online is very convenient as one has to just open a laptop or PC to shop rather then getting ready and pass through rush hour traffics. Easy Payment options: It is the third most significant factor with 10. 83 percent of total variance explained. Consumers feel that carrying cash or credit cards all the way to the stor e is meaning less if one can purchase the same product from their home. Challenges of Online Shopping: It is the fourth most significant factor with 9. 256 percent of total variance explained. The only worry of consumers is regarding the trustworthiness of some websites, since they have to give their credit card details to shop online. REFERENCES ? Bechrer C. (2004). Characteristics and internet marketing strategies of online auction sellers.International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising. 24(1), 24-37 Bellman, S. , Lohse, G. and Johnson, E. (1999) ‘Predictors of online buying behaviour,’ Communications of the ACM, 42 (12), 32-38. Bengtsson M. (2007). Integrating the Internet and Marketing Operations: A Study of Antecedents in Firms of Different Size. International Small Business Journal. 25(1), 27-48 Chin ting S. (2010). The Effect of Internal Marketing on Organizational Commitment: Job Involvement and Job Satisfaction as Mediators. Educational Administrati on Quarterly. 9(4), 65-74 Know, K. and Lee, J. (2003) ‘Concerns about payment security of Internet purchases: a perspective on current on-line shoppers,’ Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 21 (4), 174-184. Leong C. (2001). Marketing practices and Internet marketing: A study of hotels in Singapore. Journal of Vacation Marketing. 7(2), 179-187 Parsuraman A. (2002). Marketing to and Serving Customers through the Internet: An Overview and Research Agenda. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. 30(4), 96-105 Ryan P. (2004).Internet marketing standards: institutional coherence issues. International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising. 15(4), 84103 Schiffman L. (2007) Consumer Behavior , New Delhi: Prentice Hall India Sigalla M. (2003). Developing and Benchmarking Internet Marketing Strategies in the Hotel Sector in Greece. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research. 27(4), 375-401 Standing C. (1999). Internet marketing strategies used by travel agencies in Australia. Journal of Vacation Marketing. 6(1), 36-42 Wang Y. (2006).Futuring Internet Marketing Activities Using Change Propensity Analysis. Journal of Travel Research. 45(2), 158-166 ? ? ? CONCLUSIONS It was seen from the study that most of the Respondents of the age group 36-45 years were found to be adopters of online shopping. Most of the Males were the adopters as compared to females, where 53. 7% were non-adopters. The adopters were mostly post graduates with monthly income in the range of Rs. 20000-Rs. 30000. The respondents those who use internet from 5 to 7 hours a day were found to be adopters of online shopping.Further, the factor analysis was applied to understand the various reasons for adoption and non-adoption of online shopping by the respondents. The following four factors were found to be significant Price Consciousness, Convenience and Variety, Easy Payment options and Challenges of Online Shopping. Most of the consumers prefer to buy some selected products onli ne because they will get heavy discounts in comparison to store purchases. Also, the consumers feels that there are good websites available which can be trusted for purchases.The consumers perceive that shopping online gives them larger options to choose from. Shopping online is very convenient as one has to just open a laptop or PC to shop rather then getting ready and pass through rush hour traffics. Shopping online saves time and money along with lesser effort is required in comparison to store purchases. Consumers feel that carrying cash or credit cards all the way to the store is meaning less if one can purchase the same product from their home. The educated consumers are aware of the buying procedures online which they feel are pretty simple.The only worry of consumers is regarding the trustworthiness of some websites, since they have to give their credit card details to shop online. Many of the consumers are aware of the various online scams due to which they are very concern ed and reluctant while providing their credit card information online. Also the online purchases take a longer time in shipments and deliveries. The psychology of an Indian consumer is still the same of checking the product physically before purchasing it, which creates a mental hurdle for online shopping. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 6|Page www. ijmit. com

Example Sentences With the Verb Meet

Example Sentences With the Verb 'Meet' Youre probably familiar with the irregular verb  to  meet from learning about introductions, but might not know the proper form for each tense. This page provides example sentences of the verb to meet in all tenses in English. Test out your new knowledge with the quiz at the end. Examples of Meet for Every Tense Base Form meet / Past Simple met / Past Participle met / Gerund meeting Present Simple We usually meet on Friday afternoons.Where do you usually meet your friends for lunch?They dont usually meet many new people when they travel. Present Continuous We are meeting with a new client this morning.Are they meeting with anyone at the moment?She isnt meeting with the director. Shes meeting with Tom. Present Perfect My friends have met me for lunch every day this week.Have you met Cheryl yet?Jeanne hasnt met Peter yet. Present Perfect Continuous We have been meeting new people for more than two hours.Where have they been meeting each other?She hasnt been meeting with the board for long. Past Simple My wife and met at an English school.When did you meet your best friend?They didnt meet each other until last year. Past Continuous We were meeting with Tom when he interrupted with the news.Were you meeting with clients at three oclock yesterday?She wasnt meeting with anybody when he arrived. Past Perfect Janet had already met Jack when I introduced them.When had they met to discuss the issue?Jeff hadnt met her before they attended the conference last week. Past Perfect Continuous We had been meeting for two hours when he finally arrived.How long had you been meeting when she called?They hadnt been meeting for long when he interrupted the meeting. Future (Will) She will meet Jack at the airport next week.When will we meet your new boyfriend?She wont meet me for lunch tomorrow. Future (Going to) Nancy is going to meet Fred in Pairs next week.When are you going to meet my friend Alice?She isnt going to meet anyone new at that party. Future Continuous We will be meeting the new clients this time tomorrow.Where will he be meeting you for lunch at one oclock?They wont be meeting me at the hotel tomorrow afternoon. Future Perfect Our friends will have met many challenges by the time they finish the project.How many people will you have met over the next few days?They wont have met any of their obligations before the deadline. Note on the Passive Voice Each of the examples sentences demonstrates sentences in the active voice. The active voice is by far the most common voice in English. In the active voice, the subject does something. In contrast, the passive voice demonstrates what was done to the subject. Heres a quick example of the difference: Active voice - Ive met a famous actor before. Passive voice - Cars are manufactured in Detroit. As you can see, the passive voice doesnt focus on who does something. The passive voice focuses on what was done to something. The passive voice is formed by conjugating the verb to be. In sentences with to meet, conjugate the verb to be followed by the appropriate form of to meet. Guests will be met at seven oclock.Peter will be met at the airport by a car service.   Quiz: Conjugate With Meet Use the verb to meet to conjugate the following sentences. Quiz answers are below. In some cases, more than one answer may be correct. They _____ at the airport by company representatives.Fred _____ with Alyssa  when Peter burst into the room with the news._____ Cheryl  _____ any of your friends yet?We usually _____ on Friday afternoons.We _____ for two hours when he finally arrived.Management usually _____ with new employees on Monday mornings.My wife and _____ at an English school.Our friends _____ many challenges by the time they finish the project.If she _____ me at the airport, she would have given me a ride home.Nancy _____ Fred in Pairs next week. Quiz Answers were metwas meetingHas Cheryl metmeethad been meetingmeetsmewill have methad metis going to meet

REFLECTIVE ESSAY EXAMPLES

REFLECTIVE ESSAY EXAMPLES All reflective essays have a number of common rules that must be followed. First of all let’s remind ourselves that reflective essay is a type of writing that reflects on personal experience or event. The personal experience of the author is revealed throughout the paper. The reflective essay examples demonstrate the importance of understanding the connection between people’s essence, their uniqueness and social relations. Some philosophical elements should be applied to this type of writing.   It is important to remember to reflect on specific details like personal character, surroundings, weather, etc. It is beneficial to apply a whole range of possible topic understandings to give the viewer a wide variety of impressions, feelings and thoughts. Reflective essay examples must imply strong essay outline. It includes reflective description, following main facts and environment rules observation. Reflective essay structure is also another element that must be strongly followed. Opening paragraph, middle part and concluding summary. REFLECTIVE ESSAY EXAMPLES If you are looking for reflective essay examples, we are able to provide you with brilliant examples essays today upon your request. We would like to focus on the reflective essay outline and structure. This will give you an understanding of how your reflective essay must look. You will also be able to obtain the comprehension of reflective essay examples structure in order to write your perfect reflective essay today. Reflective essay examples are easily found on the web. We offer you a different path of getting your custom written reflective essay today. Order your reflective essay online and receive your 15 discount today. To start with your reflective essay should answer to these questions. These specific questions will guide you through your reflective essay writing. They are â€Å"What did I experience?† â€Å"What was my major notice about an event or an experience?† â€Å"Did this event change me or my personal point of view?† â€Å"How did this event helped me to grow as a person?† â€Å"What is different about my life perception now?† and/or â€Å"What did I learn?†

How Authors and Editors Can Work Better Together

How Authors and Editors Can Work Better Together How Authors and Editors Can Work Better Together Reedsy was created with the purpose of allowing independent authors to work with some of the best editorial and design talent out there, and build long-lasting, fruitful collaborations. In this guest post, editor and novelist Andrew Lowe explains how self-publishing has transformed the author-editor connection into a powerful creative partnership.Have a look at this sentence:â€Å"Jim dropped the amulet into the bag and hooked it through his belt.†You could argue that there is a confusion over the object here. Is Jim hooking the amulet, or the bag, through his belt? The ‘correct’ form would be something like:â€Å"Jim dropped the amulet into the bag, which he hooked through his belt.†The object confusion has gone; it’s clear that the bag, not the amulet, is being hooked through Jim’s belt. It’s technically correct, but dead on the page. We’ve fine-tuned the mechanism of the sentence, but murdered it as a piece of flowing prose.A good editor – particularly in the case of fiction – understands that the work is a delicate balance of art and science and that sometimes one has to be sacrificed in favor of the other.In this example, I would keep the original sentence, arguing that the technical imperfection is secondary to the feel of the prose.Other editors might reach for our favorite mantra: never confuse the reader. But it would be fussy to argue that a reader, immersed in the wider narrative, would stop to ponder the amulet/bag question as presented here.It’s a subjective judgment call which, for me, taps into the most important quality that authors should expect from your editor: a passion for collaboration. A "passion for collaboration" is the most important quality authors should expect from their editor @ReedsyHQ When you hire an editor, you are not giving over your precious darling to be defaced and remoulded. You’re paying for a professional eye; a sympathetic assistant who will work to a set of consistent criteria and help you to make your book as good as it possibly can be.* * *So, let’s define terms.Actually, let’s not. If you Google something like ‘book editing copy line structural’ (and you really shouldn’t) then you’ll soon be sucked into a swirl of fuzzy definitions and conflicting concepts.Like most creative disciplines in the digital age, the different types of book editing are ever-changing, mostly because of the connected and collaborative nature of online tools.I was a consumer journalist – mostly at editor level – for fifteen years, and I understand the need for specific publications to adhere to established rules. They face numerous copy-streams flowing in from hundreds of writers to be worked on by a multitude of s ub-editors. A unified house style ensures that the task isn’t tethered to a single individual.Traditional book publishing has generally followed this model, for similar reasons. It is an industry and must operate at industrial scale, with hundreds of titles taking their place on a trusted and cost-effective production line. The editing process is often just another cog in this corporate machine.But the rise of self-publishing has presented an opportunity for the process to be more collaborative; to strengthen the relationship between author and editor.Because self-publishing does not mean ‘do it all yourself’.I believe that all the very best creatives – even those with a reputation as stand-alone auteurs – rely on some form of collaboration to realise their vision. The ‘self’ in self-publishing is more about self-empowerment. You make the decisions – including which editor is right for you. But an editor can now care about the wo rk almost as much as the author. "The ‘self’ in self-publishing is more about self-empowerment. You make the decisions." - @andylowe99

Critique of a Research Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Critique of a Research Report - Essay Example Substantive and Theoretical Dimension: The relocation of patients is a serious issue that causes different impacts on residents and their families. Also, the relocation of patients causes changes in clinical outcomes, influencing the perceptions of residents in a negative manner. This is a crucial issue that must be addressed by nursing home administrators. A large number of residents rely on nursing home facilities to treat critical health conditions. Their relocation to other facilities greatly impact their perceptions and thoughts towards nursing home facilities (Loiselle, McGrath, Polit, & Beck, 2010). But in this study, the researchers have not pinpointed any clear significant importance of the study, nor have they backed up this weakness with a justification. â€Å"A framework is the overall conceptual underpinnings of a study. Not every study is based on a theory or model, but every study has a framework – a theoretical rationale† (Loiselle & McGrath, 2011, pg. 1 29). The conceptual framework of this study is based on the views of residents who have experienced nursing home relocation and changes in clinical system. ... The research question and adopted method is well balanced, as the study aims to explore the impact of nursing home relocation on residents and families. To this end, the authors have robustly examined the sample taken from the 120 residents of a nursing home. However, it is apparent that the researchers have not alluded to any relevant theory that could have assisted their understanding in general outcomes of relocation decisions (Loiselle, McGrath, Polit, & Beck, 2010). However, other nursing articles demonstrate that the theoretical frameworks of the researches are primarily based on grounded theory methodology. Defined as a type of study that focuses on an evolving social experience- the social and psychological stages and phases that characterize a particular event or episode (Loiselle & McGrath, 2011, pg. 44). For instance, Yeboah (2009) study clearly shows that grounded theory was used to derive out another relevant theory in order, to study the relationship between relocation to nursing homes and its impact on the residents. Similarly, Meleis (2010) study shows that transition theory has been derive out through grounded theory methodology in order, to study the bond between transition event and nursing perceptions. Additionally, the studies including books and journals used by Hoffman, Capezuti and Norman seem quite relevant and useful as a number of nursing studies have been used as a reference. But, critically it has observed that authors have not aimed to overcome the shortcomings of the previous studies closely related to the subject matter. Although it is considered important to highlight the weaknesses of previous studies and then present a new one with advancements and improvements (Loiselle & McGrath, 2011) it is not totally incorrect

Community Health Strategies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Community Health Strategies - Research Paper Example Several studies suggest that low birth weight and very low birth weight among the new born babies increases their risk of developing certain chronic diseases such as high blood pressure, type II diabetes, and heart disease once the infant reaches the adulthood stage. (Valsmakis et al., 2006; Barker, 1993) Basically, the development of such diseases is primarily caused by poor metabolic function. Specifically in Duval County, the number of adolescents with sexually transmitted diseases has reached a total of 3,875 per 100,000 individuals (Filipowicz, Harmon, & Livinghood, 2007). Another major health concern in Duval County Teen pregnancy or pregnancy between the age brackets of 15 – 24 year old (ibid). In line with this two major health concerns, the relationship between responsible sexual behavior and the effect of sexually transmitted infections with preterm birth will be thoroughly examined and discussed. In the process of going through the main discussion, the vulnerable population affected by preterm birth in relation to sexually transmitted diseases will be provided followed by describing and applying the concept of Watson’s Theory of Human Caring in the role of community health nurses when addressing this particular community health problem. Prior to conclusion, some of the recommended health nursing intervention priorities and teaching strategies in caring for the patients will be identified. Aside from having limited access to health care system, women who are infected with sexually transmitted disease may tend to limit their visit to medical doctors or physician. Because of the absence of prenatal check-up, pregnant women who are infected with sexually transmitted disease may end up not having sufficient prenatal care. One of the main reasons for having a preterm birth is due to lack of prenatal care. For this reason, I have personally

Tork uk ltd Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Tork uk ltd - Essay Example Part 1 a) Develop a more aggressive marketplace positioning strategy. In order to find out an effective marketing strategy for TORC, it is important to understand its present position within the marketplace. â€Å"Strategy is a proprietary set of actions that serve targeted customers better than competition, while strategic positioning consists in defining the focus point of a company’s resources† (Strategic Positioning, 2013, n.p.). TORC consists of a large customer range which incorporates huge sections of the public and also different organizations. It has been observed that the products reach the general through their retail outlets and that they are made available to large corporations through their sales engineers. The Ansoff product or market matrix is used for determining the opportunities for growth of the organization. At present, TORC is presently deliberating the merits of online business by a mail order subsidiary. â€Å"Ansoff’s product/market grow th matrix suggests that a business’ attempts to grow depend on whether it markets new or existing products in new or existing markets† (TORC UK Ltd. Essay, 2003-2011, n.p). ... b) Introduce a rationalized product range to exploit the higher turnover available from more profitable products. Product development is an area which the TORC can investigate and find out what strategies to employ in order to attain a better market position. An opportunity has to be taken to diversify the existing products .For example, raising interest in females, children etc by modifying the products to suit their tastes. TORC has established its brand name already with high quality through its retail outlets that sell assorted goods in order to entice new customers. An increased influence from gardening, home improvement programmes and television have seen the new customer target base endeavoring to the male domain, but, however is trying to maintain their femininity and hence does not want to handle heavy tools presently available. Packaging of products also plays a crucial role to attract the customers, as it is based on the appeal of the end product that they buy it. â€Å"P roduct Development plays a critical role in ensuring a company's future growth potential† (Product Development Overview, n.d, n.p). The sales engineers will also have to inform the customers that there exist new products with reputed brand image and they have to explain the way in which they compliment the range. Even though the knowledge of entry into new distribution channels is limited, the development of an existing product that produces high profits and distinguishes itself with quality would entrench itself into any market arena. c) Develop a marketing promotion campaign to include an on-line intranet and extranet capability in order to serve more international markets. Even though

Perspectives Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Perspectives - Assignment Example It looks at how one thing relates to the other branches of the society. For example, how industrial or capitalistic relations coordinate with the economic, political and social relations of the said society. In the unitary perspective, any form of disagreement is viewed as very disruptive, unwanted and generally irrational (Waiganjo & Ng’ethe, 2012). This is because it is bound to spoil the state of tranquility that exists in this setting, which in normal cases is almost like a family. Conflicts are therefore solved through discussions, since the relationship here is taken to be mutually exclusive (Gordon, 2014). This essentially locks out the need for trade unions which usually should have taken this role of negotiation. As a result, the trade unions force themselves into the setup. In case they successfully do, they are in most cases pushed to the periphery of the organization since they are not really needed. Job regulation is perceived to be very mutual, where the needs, skills and requirements of the employee balance with those of the employer. As a result, employees enjoy their jobs and minima sackings or job discontinuities are observed. In the pluralist setup, conflicts and disagreements between the management and the employees is assumed to be a very normal occurrence. The leadership realizes that it has rival allegiances and attachments from its employees and an equilibrium has to be established (Michael, 1999).As a result negotiation and intensive arbitration are deemed necessary hence the need for trade unions, which are seen as essential for the rights of employees. They serve to agitate for the rights of the employees. Meanwhile, both parties are required to tread in a flexible manner, in order to avoid hard line stances that might scamper any negotiation attempt. Job regulation is maintained since the needs of the employee almost balance with the targets of the employer, and in case they don’t, trade

Bitts case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Bitts case study - Essay Example A lack of motivation will make employees lethargic and careless while a presence of motivation will present them as energetic and full of verve. Responsibilities: While every individual connected to a company or organization has certain benefits which s/he derives from working for the company, there is also a set of responsibilities which the individual has towards the company. Responsibilities change depending on how and where a person is placed within a company but certain responsibilities like loyalty, following company norms and going by the rules of the company are expected to be followed by all members connected to the company. Theory X and Theory Y: These are two management styles which were given by Douglas McGregor as a part of his discourse on management. Theory X of management assumes that people dislike work and must be controlled by strong means if they are to remain productive. Further, people need direction and not independence while they work. Theory Y is the complete opposite of this since it suggests that people are naturally inclined towards work as they are towards play and rest. Additionally, people find satisfaction in work and will use imagination, creativity and their personal skills to solve work related problems if they are allowed to work as they please (NetMBA, 2005). There are several problems which are being faced by Bitts of which the primary problems are said to be; the lack of communications between directors, the management style being followed, the coming changes in the company/industry, and the HR related problems of the company. With effective communications and following the correct decisions outlined in the recommendations section, the company and the directors can expect to pull out of the spot they are in presently. Of the recommendations, the first is a change of style closer to Theory Y, the

Leases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leases - Essay Example IAS 17 has undergone many revisions in the past to improve its application. However, even with all the amendments and revisions, it still has some issues that cause problems in its application in accounting for leases. The purpose of IAS 17 is to classify leases and provide the policies to guide how a firm treats leases in its financial statements. The standard has a few exceptions concerning some lease agreements. Some assets are also not part of the standard, therefore, their recognition and treatment do not fall within the standard. For the leases and assets that qualify within the standard, classification divides them into finance and operating leases (IFRS, 2013a, p.771). The determination of the class of a lease as either a finance lease or an operating lease is at the commencement of the lease agreement. IAS 17.4 defines the two classes of leases giving their characteristics. The substance of the transaction, as opposed to the form, determines whether a lease is a finance or operating lease (IFRS, 2013a, p.772). The treatment and accounting for the two classes of leases differs. The lessee recognizes operating leases as an expense. The lease payments appear in the income statement as an exp ense over the lease term and follow a straight-line basis. The lessor recognizes assets under lease in the balance sheet. The income statement of the lessor recognizes the lease income on a straight-line basis. As for finance leases, their accounting involves recognition both as an asset and liability in the books of the lessee. The value to appear in the books is either the asset’s fair value or the present value of the minimum lease payments, whichever is lower. The lessee also accounts for the depreciation of the asset in accordance with the existing depreciation policies and apportions lease payments between the reduction of the outstanding liability and the finance charge. On the lessor’s books, the accounting for a

Perspectives Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Perspectives - Assignment Example It looks at how one thing relates to the other branches of the society. For example, how industrial or capitalistic relations coordinate with the economic, political and social relations of the said society. In the unitary perspective, any form of disagreement is viewed as very disruptive, unwanted and generally irrational (Waiganjo & Ng’ethe, 2012). This is because it is bound to spoil the state of tranquility that exists in this setting, which in normal cases is almost like a family. Conflicts are therefore solved through discussions, since the relationship here is taken to be mutually exclusive (Gordon, 2014). This essentially locks out the need for trade unions which usually should have taken this role of negotiation. As a result, the trade unions force themselves into the setup. In case they successfully do, they are in most cases pushed to the periphery of the organization since they are not really needed. Job regulation is perceived to be very mutual, where the needs, skills and requirements of the employee balance with those of the employer. As a result, employees enjoy their jobs and minima sackings or job discontinuities are observed. In the pluralist setup, conflicts and disagreements between the management and the employees is assumed to be a very normal occurrence. The leadership realizes that it has rival allegiances and attachments from its employees and an equilibrium has to be established (Michael, 1999).As a result negotiation and intensive arbitration are deemed necessary hence the need for trade unions, which are seen as essential for the rights of employees. They serve to agitate for the rights of the employees. Meanwhile, both parties are required to tread in a flexible manner, in order to avoid hard line stances that might scamper any negotiation attempt. Job regulation is maintained since the needs of the employee almost balance with the targets of the employer, and in case they don’t, trade

Leases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leases - Essay Example IAS 17 has undergone many revisions in the past to improve its application. However, even with all the amendments and revisions, it still has some issues that cause problems in its application in accounting for leases. The purpose of IAS 17 is to classify leases and provide the policies to guide how a firm treats leases in its financial statements. The standard has a few exceptions concerning some lease agreements. Some assets are also not part of the standard, therefore, their recognition and treatment do not fall within the standard. For the leases and assets that qualify within the standard, classification divides them into finance and operating leases (IFRS, 2013a, p.771). The determination of the class of a lease as either a finance lease or an operating lease is at the commencement of the lease agreement. IAS 17.4 defines the two classes of leases giving their characteristics. The substance of the transaction, as opposed to the form, determines whether a lease is a finance or operating lease (IFRS, 2013a, p.772). The treatment and accounting for the two classes of leases differs. The lessee recognizes operating leases as an expense. The lease payments appear in the income statement as an exp ense over the lease term and follow a straight-line basis. The lessor recognizes assets under lease in the balance sheet. The income statement of the lessor recognizes the lease income on a straight-line basis. As for finance leases, their accounting involves recognition both as an asset and liability in the books of the lessee. The value to appear in the books is either the asset’s fair value or the present value of the minimum lease payments, whichever is lower. The lessee also accounts for the depreciation of the asset in accordance with the existing depreciation policies and apportions lease payments between the reduction of the outstanding liability and the finance charge. On the lessor’s books, the accounting for a

Internet Child Porn Essay Example for Free

Internet Child Porn Essay According to UNICEF, the United States and Somalia are the only two countries that have not yet ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. However, Somalia currently has no legally recognized government and cannot ratify anything at all, leaving the United States as the only country that still does not agree with it. The Optional Protocol to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography reports that Bill Clinton did not submit it to the Senate for deliberation and ratification. Perhaps he was too busy with Monica Lewinsky, and maybe the Republicans under Bush were too busy in airport restrooms like Senator Larry Craig. But perhaps Obama can do something about it. Child abuse through internet pornography is growing. In fact, the United States Department of Justice approximates one million children in the United States alone, who were victims of pornographers (Levesque 65). Indeed, tougher internet child-pornography regulations need to be enforced because it continues to be rampant, digital technology has made it easier to proliferate, and the graphic pornography is increasingly becoming more brutal. Internet child pornography is rampant and increasing. The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC) asserts that â€Å"approximately 20% of all internet pornography involves children. † It is a â€Å"growing crisis. † The Internet Watch Foundation also reports that since 1997, internet child pornography increased by approximately 1,500%. Furthermore, internet child pornography is growing because it generates high revenue. Roger Levesque, in Sexual Abuse of Children reports that child pornography is a multi-billion dollar business. It is also one of the fastest growing internet criminal segments (Ferraro, et al. ). The growth and high demand for it is fueled by addiction, just like illegal drugs. As Ryan Singel of Wired reports, â€Å"Internet pornography is the new crack cocaine, leading to addiction, misogyny, pedophilia, boob jobs and erectile dysfunction, according to clinicians and researchers testifying before a Senate committee Thursday. † Pedophiles are addicted to child pornography, which they use for personal sexual arousal, trading with fellow pedophiles, training for future child abuse victims, or inducement for child prostitution (Crosson-Tower 208). Consequently, the high demand for addictive internet child pornography increases child abuse cases. As, the Guardian reports, â€Å"Demand for child pornography on the internet has led to an increase in sex abuse cases. † It also adds, â€Å"many paedophiles acknowledged that exposure to child sex images fuelled their fantasies and played an important part in leading them to commit physical sexual offences against children. † Unsupervised children using the internet naively are â€Å"groomed for abuse while accessing chat rooms. If the victims take the bait, they become part of future pornographic productions. The increase in popularity of social-media internet sites such as MySpace has increased these chances, whereas in the past, kidnapping by total strangers made it more difficult for pedophiles to capture victims. Moreover, the Internet Watch Foundation through the Associated Press reports that â€Å"Child pornography on the Internet is becoming more brutal and graphic, and the number of images depicting violent abuse has risen fourfold since 2003. Marlise Simons of the New York Times also reports that â€Å"even babies and infants were peddled via the Internet and other media to clients in Europe, Russia and the United States. † Indeed, the Internet facilitates the distribution of child pornography. In the section Law Enforcement Efforts Against Child Pornography Are Ineffective of Philip Jenkin’s book At Issue: Child Sexual Abuse, he points out â€Å"overwhelming evidence† that child pornography â€Å"is all but impossible to obtain through nonelectronic means. The US Department of Justice also reports that because of the Internet’s â€Å"technological ease, lack of expense, and anonymity in obtaining and distributing child pornography,† it â€Å"has resulted in an explosion in the availability, accessibility, and volume of child pornography. † Furthermore, in 2001, â€Å"There are estimated to be one million pornographic images of children on the internet, many of them featuring children from third world countries being abused by affluent sex tourists from the west† (Wellard 26). UNICEF also reports that â€Å"a single child pornography site receives a million hits a month. † In order to receive that much Internet traffic, organized crime groups use sophisticated computer technology to evade detection. Pornographers can send viruses to unwitting Internet users without their knowledge to gain control of their computers, which can be transformed into file servers that can remotely store images and videos of child pornography for downloading later. This happened to Michael Fiola, an unsuspecting man in Massachusetts who was wrongfully charged for possessing child pornography. As Matthew Healey of the Associated Press reports, â€Å"Of all the sinister things that Internet viruses do, this might be the worst: They can make you an unsuspecting collector of child pornography. † After a virus infected Fiola’s laptop and downloaded heinous pictures and videos into his computer, his employer discovered it through the internet bill, and he â€Å"was fired and charged with possession of child pornography, which carries up to five years in prison. He endured death threats, his car tires were slashed and he was shunned by friends. † But he and his wife â€Å"fought the case, spending $250,000 on legal fees. They liquidated their savings, took a second mortgage and sold their car. † Eventually, charges were dropped after prosecutors confirmed the defense findings. â€Å"It ruined my life, my wifes life and my familys life,† says Fiola. These sophisticated techniques emanates from hidden internet levels, where 50,000 to 100,000 online organized pedophiles, one-third American, gather together, as asserted by Jenkins in his book Beyond Tolerance: Child Pornography Online. With the advent of web-cams and digital photography and video, even from cell phones, home-made child porn is now easy to produce. Peer-to-peer networking, wherein internet users can share files with each other instead of downloading it, along with the use of data encryption, file division and passwords, also makes any illegal porn difficult to detect, as reported by the Internet Watch Foundation. Truly, law enforcement is weak in battling child porn. As of 2008, the International Centre for Missing Exploited Children (ICMEC) reports that 93 out of 187 countries do not have child-porn-specific laws. And out of the 94 that do have anti-child-porn laws, 36 do not criminalize the possession of child pornography. And according to Interpol statistics, only 1% of child-porn abuse victims are located each year by law enforcers, as reported by Emily Friedman in ABC News. Furthermore, violators found with images of post-pubescent minors, even if it is illegal, are often not prosecuted (Wells, et al 277). Currently, China has the most effective method in the war against child pornography. Right now, the US uses highly inefficient methods. To mitigate its image as the porn search engine of the world, Google develops software to fight child porn. In 2008, Google adapted software for its search engine to track child porn that is available through its search engine, as reported by Maggie Shiels of BBC News. The FBI also posts hyperlinks on the World Wide Web that advertise child porn. Then they raid the homes of internet users who click on the links, as Declan McCullagh writes in CNet. Moreover, the Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre (CEOPP), established in 2006, attempts to target the assets or finances of organized child-porn rings, as Jamie Doward from the Guardian reports. But China simply blocks all porn and American social-media sites from the Internet. China is known very well for its internet censorship and harsh penalties for drug trafficking. Drug use in the country is one of the lowest in the world. As Reuters reports in December 2009, â€Å"The Chinese government has run a highly publicized campaign against what officials said were banned smutty and lewd pictures overwhelming the countrys Internet and threatening the emotional health of children. They also add that â€Å"China has banned a number of popular websites and Internet services, including Googles Youtube, Twitter, Flickr and Facebook, as well as Chinese content sharing sites. † Jennifer Guevin of CNET also writes, â€Å"Google acknowledged last year that the Chinese government asked it to disable a search feature with the goal of censoring pornography. † In response to CNET’s report, Myles Taylor, a reader, commented, â€Å"I wish wed take some pages from their book and start cracking down on child pornographers, pedophiles and such. † In conclusion, law enforcement on child pornography is too weak and tougher regulations need to be implemented to combat this crisis. It would be very effective and simple if the US government were willing to simply block all porno and social-media-sharing sites from the Web, but the US First Amendment would prohibit that. However, unless US lawmakers do something drastic, such as revising the US Constitution, shoppers will continue to see the photographs of missing children on milk cartons, reminding them that their child could be the next victim of thousands of pedophiles simply waiting for the next opportunity.

Two Main Types Of Cells In Nervous System Biology Essay

Two Main Types Of Cells In Nervous System Biology Essay There are two main types of cells in the nervous system. These two types are neurons and neuroglia. A neuron is a nerve cell that transmits impulses of the nervous system. Three main parts make up a neuron: cell body, axon, and dendrite. The cell body of a neuron contains the nucleus and cytoplasm. The axon conducts impulses away from the cell body and is away from the cell body a single slender projection from the cell body. A dendrite sticks out off the cell body. It is shaped somewhat like a tree branch. Neuroglia is a type of connective tissue that supports the neurons. Neuroglia protects the nervous system instead of conducting impulses. Neuroglia use a process called phagocytosis to get rid of any unwanted substances. Neuroglia come in three types; astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. Astrocytes are cells that possess many processes for attachment. Astrocytes are more plentiful than any other neuroglia, and are only present in the central nervous system. Astrocytes combined with the walls of a blood capillary, prevent harmful substances from passing from the blood to the brain. Microglia have branch like processes protruding from their bodies. The purpose of microglia is to remove debris, waste products, and pathogens from nervous tissue. Microglia increase in number when there is an injury or infection of the tissue. Oligodendrocytes have processes that protrude from their body and coil around axons. Oligodendrocytes main purpose is to be an electrical insulator and help speed the conduction of nerve impulses. #2 The peripheral nervous system contains twelve pairs of cranial nerves and thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves. The peripheral nervous system transmits sensory and motor impulses to and from the central nervous system and other parts of the body. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is made of nerves. According to Comprehensive medical Terminology 3rd Edition by Betty Davis Jones, A nerve is a cord like bundle of nerve fibers that transmits impulses to and from the brain and spinal cords to other parts of the body. A nerve is macroscopic (i.e., able to be seen without the aid of a microscope). A ganglion is a knot like mass of nerve cell bodies located outside the CNS. The peripheral nervous system also has afferent and efferent nerves. Afferent nerves are sensory nerves that carry impulses from the body to the central nervous system. Efferent nerves are motor nerves that carry impulses from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands. Efferent nerves make the organs respond to a command by completing an action. There are two smaller nervous systems within the PNS called the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The main difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous system is that the somatic nervous system is under voluntary control of the skeletal muscle contractions and the autonomic nervous system operates under involuntary control of the smooth and cardiac muscle as well as glandular activities and secretions. #3 The two main components of the central nervous system are the spinal cord and the brain. There is a protective membrane that surrounds the contents of the central nervous system. The membrane is made up of connective tissue called meninges as well as cerebrospinal fluid. The meninges are made up of three layers of membranes. The first layer is the dura mater. The dura mater is a tough white connective tissue. The second layer of the meninges is the arachnoid membrane. The arachnoid membrane is a thin layer of strands that connect to the innermost layer of meninges. The third layer is the pia meter. The pia meter is bound tightly to the surface of the CNS contents. #4 The brain, one of the organs found in the central nervous system can be divided into four sections. The first section is the cerebrum. The cerebrum controls consciousness, memory, sensations, emotions, and voluntary movements. The second section is the cerebellum. The cerebellum maintains muscle tone and coordinates normal movement as balance. The third section of the brain is the diencephalon which contains the thalamus, and the hypothalamus. The thalamus receives sensory stimuli and relays them to the cerebral cortex. The hypothalamus activates, controls, and integrates the peripheral autonomic nervous system, processes, and some sensory functions like body temperature, sleep, and appetite. The fourth and final section of the brain is the brain stem. The brain stem serves as a pathway for conduction of impulses between the brain and spinal cord. It controls such vital functions as respiration, blood pressure, and hear rate. (Davis Jones, 2008) #5 There are many pathological conditions that one may come across. Following will be a list of the just a few along with a description and treatment options for each. Anencephaly is where a child is born without a brain and spinal cord. It is a congenital disorder. A child born with this disorder cannot live. Anencephaly can be detected during pregnancy by the use of amniocentesis or ultrasonography. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is pain caused by pinching or compressing of the median nerve. Inflammation and swelling of the tendons is what causes the pinching or compression. The pain of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is the worst during the night. The inflammation associated with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is caused by repetitious overuse of the fingers, hands, or wrists. There is a treatment for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome which includes taking anti-inflammatory medication, applying splints, attending physical therapy, and stopping the overuse. If these actions do not fix the problem, surgery may be necessary to relieve the pressure. A cerebral contusion is a bruise of the brain tissue that appears when the brain strikes the inner skull. Cerebral contusions cause swelling of the brain. Symptoms consistent with a cerebral contusion are combativeness, increased intracranial pressure, and altered levels of consciousness. Treatments for cerebral contusions are close observation, hospitalization, maintain cerebral perfusion, and administer corticosteroids, and osmotic diuretics. A headache or cephalagia is another pathological condition. Cephalagia is chronic to acute pain in the cranial cavity. A headache may be the result of a disease or other condition, but may also be benign. Treatment for headaches includes taking a mild analgesic. Petit mal seizures are a type of seizure where there is a sudden short time of unconsciousness. Unconsciousness associated with petit mal seizures last only a few seconds. Signs of a petit mal seizure are blank facial expression or repeated blinking for a short time. Most people suffering from petit mal seizures are small children prior to puberty. Peripheral neuritis is inflammation of one or more peripheral nerves. Other disorders are associated with peripheral neuritis such as trigeminal neuritis, Bells palsy, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Each disorder produces unique symptoms and has different treatments. Neuroblastoma is a malignant tumor in the sympathetic nervous system. Neuroblastoma occurs in the adrenal medulla and usually spreads to the liver, lungs, lymph nodes, and bone. Parkinsons disease is a slow deterioration of the nerves in the brain stems motor system. Signs and symptoms associated with Parkinsons disease are stooped posture, bowed head, shuffling gait, expressionless face, muffled speech, and difficulty swallowing. Treatment for Parkinsons disease is drug therapy, controlling the symptoms, and physical therapy. A surgical technique called a pallidotomy is sometimes used, but is not always successful. Shingles is a viral infection in adults who have had chicken pox. Shingles causes inflammation of the spinal or cranial nerve pathway. Symptoms commonly associated with shingles are server pain, fever, itching, GI disturbances, headache, general tiredness, and increased skin sensitivity. Treatment for shingles includes antiviral medications, analgesics, and corticosteroids. Spinal bifida cystic is a disorder in which the back part of one or more vertebrae is not normally closed. In this opening, cysts come through the fifth lumbar. There are tons of other pathological conditions a person may develop all of which have different symptoms, effects, and treatments.