Recording, analysing and using HR information Essay Example for Free

Recording, analysing and using HR information Essay It is beneficial for a business to collect a variety of data to gain an understating of its performance to satisfy compliance legislation. However the information collected needs to be useful, relevant and selective. Raw data collected can be converted into useful information. It is important for human resources (HR) to collect data to meet legal requirements, keep necessary contact details of employees, records all contractual arrangements and to provide supporting information in the event of a claim that may be made against an organisation. It also supports an organisation when making decisions. Data can be collected in two different types of formats within an organisation. These are quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative is data collected numerically which allows for data to be measured and calculated. Quantitative is a descriptive method of collecting data. This type of data can be observed but not measured. These two different types of data support HR practices in a number of different ways, such as, showing patterns of absence relating to employees, highlighting any learning and development requirements that an individual may require, trends’ in staff turnover and key performance indicators. Customer feedback can also be obtained to allow a business to improve it services and costs can also be easily monitored. HR data can be stored by a number of different methods each having advantages and disadvantages. Data can be stored electronically and non-electronically. Storing data electronically can be beneficial as it is easy to access, can be shared easily and takes up less space. Online HR systems are available to employees where data and information can be added and updated by an individual and also can be accessed by one or more people such as line managers. This is useful for appraisals and monitoring performance. Storing data electronically through databases is also more secure than manual documents. Sorting data manually such as diaries, word processing documents and paper based surveys also has its benefits as it can be more cost effective to a business and cannot be easily lost where electronic data could be. Also employees require less training to store and organise manual data. There is an array of different UK legislations currently enforced relating to data and legislation is in place to enforce correct storing, recording and accessibility of data. One of these UK legislations are The Data Protection Act, The information commissioner has produced a code of conduct relating to the data protection act. This applies to personal data held and the legitimate grounds for this being held, which information is classed as sensitive and cannot be gathered without explicit permission. Another type of current UK legislation is the Human Rights act. This confers the right of respect of privacy on individuals and provides for employees in the public sector to take legal actions against their employer of they consider their rights infringed.

Participation and Independence in Health and Social Care

Participation and Independence in Health and Social Care Analysis of how organizational systems and processes are managed to promote participation and independence of users of health and social care service. Imran Table of Contents (Jump to) Explain factors that may contribute to loss of independence, non-participation, and social exclusion for vulnerable people Analysis how organizational systems and processes are managed to promote participation and independence of users of health and social care service. 1.2 Analyse the presenting factors that may affect the self medicate. Question: Identify the risks that may occur. and What measures can be initiated to minimize risks? Question What you would consider to be the advantage and disadvantages of Jeans self medication Question: Do you think Jean should be encouraged for self medication. Give reasons for your answer Question 2: How will you support Mr H to meet his dietary needs? Question: Analyse how will you manage the tension to enable Mr H to cook his meal safely and your responsibility to ensure his safety and that of others. Question 3: Obtain a copy of your organizational risk assessment policy, procedure and analyse the effectiveness of policies procedure in management of risks (AC 3.2) Question 4: Identify and review current legislation, codes of practice, policy on medication administration in a residential home. Obtain copy of your organization policy and procedure, evaluate the effectiveness of the in line with health and social care requirements (AC 4.1 and 4.2) Question: analyse how national service standards promote safe practice in the handling of medication evaluate, using a known setting, the effectiveness of policies and procedures for administering medication in achieving best possible outcomes for service users Question 5: Communication is vital in health and social care, analyse how you can use the effective communication to promote and maximize the right of service -users in health and social care (AC 1.3) Question 6: Explain the factors that contribute to loss of independence, non participation and social exclusion of service (AC 2.1) References Case Study 1 Task -1 Explain how existing legislation and sector skills standards influence organizational policies and practices for promoting and maximising the rights of bob and other service users in similar situations. Also analyse how organizational system and processes are managed to promote participation and independence of users of health and social care service (AC 2.1 and 2.2) 2.1 Explain factors that may contribute to loss of independence, non-participation, and social exclusion for vulnerable people Answer: In the given case Mr Bob Small is a individual with profound deaf (God Bless him) and he is out of work due to sickness related stress. He has got diabetic, suffererred stroke. His physical condition is such that he is not in a position of communicating with general people. Only someone has knowledge in communicating him with sign language can communicate. Or if he needs to go out and mix with others he needs someone who can help him for doing this for him. This is how he would have felt better, mix with other people. In addition when any individual is not physically well they do not feel like communicating with others. Doctors also suggest to take rest. However, as someone is not deaf or not able to speak or has problem with any other physical condition they can communicate their problem which does not happen for physically disadvantaged people. They need care and support from others. Legislation and national service standards: Care Standards Act and relevant current legislation including that for health and safety; Care Standards Commission, inspection processes Following describes a situation of Mr. Small on different issues: Goals of need Desired Outcome Ways of achieving it Who is responsible Time Scale Regular support Mr. Smalls day to day activities is smooth Regular support Government Regular Support in communication Mr Small can communicate with others Therapy Government Until he learns to communicate Encourage Mr. Small to communicate with others Mr Small is communicating with others Motivation Government Until he is comfortable to communicate Treatment Mr small is feeling better GP, Hospital treatment NHS Until he is well Loneliness Mr Small has companion in different times Mixing with people Government Regular Organizational system and processes are there to help anyone in the situation of Mr Small. Followings are the activities can be initiate to encourage individual to promote participation and independence of users of health and social care service 2.2 Analysis how organizational systems and processes are managed to promote participation and independence of users of health and social care service. Answer Organization system and processes can promote Mr Smalls participation and independence or anyone like him who uses the service of social care by (Richards, 1996): 1. Ensuring the performance of the workers who will provide their service are up to the high standard and professional. They do their work in sincerely so that individuals with similar problem can find it motivating to mix with other. The social worker also can help the individual needs care with learning and showing how to communicate and mix with other. This will help to build their confidence for long time. 2. Organizations can provide the information about the individual needs care. Information will help the social worker and other related parties to decide what sort of service and care is needed by the service seeker 3. The organization system and processes can empower the social worker to take decision about the individual in need. So that in terms of the situational issues they can work accordingly. However there has to b enough safety steps and also the person providing social care has to be expert and professional in the job who has detail understanding of handling similar individuals. Case Study 2 1.2 Analyse the presenting factors that may affect the self medicate. Answer In case Ms. Jean Barlow following factors may affect the self medicate: In case of Ms Barlow she was a confident person but her confidence is shaken in 7 months hospital stay. She became nervous and less like to prove her confidence again immediately. Thus she needs a regular support Ms Jean Barlow usually was independent however her situation in the hospital caused her to be dependant. Which is a big factor for Ms. Barlow to affect her self medication Usual nurse support and staffing also play good part of for Ms. Jeans medication. If she is offered support nurse this may vary. Reason being service is not the same for all individual. It varies thus she may receive variety of service in this movement when she needs support. Level dependence also plays a good role in case of persons like Ms Barlow. It can be seen that she needs more support in the initial stages however she is coping with the situation and learning to manage things by herself as much as possible slowly. Health condition of Ms Barlow is also very important. When her health will improve her confidence will also improve. Thus in addition to the social care service it is highly important that she gets proper medication so that her medical condition is getting proper care to improve in time. Question: Identify the risks that may occur. and What measures can be initiated to minimize risks? Answer In case of situation like Ms Barlow there are following risks if not proper care are given. Steps to minimize the risks are also mentioned in the following table Risks involved What can be done to avoid the risks Losing confidence for longer period Enough measures and confidence building activities and mental support needs to be there to avoid this and help her recovering slowly Not have proper medication in time Train and show her how and when to what medicine. Be with her a for a while to show everything. Nervous breakdown There has to be continuous support and mental strength so that she does not reach such stage Never learn properly to be on her own By encouraging her to mix with others. So that she knows that she can manager is very important Forget full and lead to sever disease There has to be training and care so that she can practice to increase her memory Increased anxious person There can be medicine to mitigate her anxiousness. But more than that there has to be constant moral and physical support so that she does not reach such situation. Consider the results of the risk assessment and in writing accept the adequacy of the systems security, i.e., accept the residual risk and the selection of cost-effective controls. Commit to performing on-going, periodic risk management Question What you would consider to be the advantage and disadvantages of Jeans self medication Answer According to NCBI (2001) self medication is a very important and increasing area of healthcare in the UK. It has the following advantage according to the report of NCBI (2001) and WHO (2000): It helps Jean to be self confident It will help Jean to learn how to manage herself and see the result of managing herself with proper medication and feel better With a bit of clinical training by the support worker Jean will be able to manager her, light, medical issues, by herself Ms J Barlow will have more empowerment on herself and will also learn to take her own decision If there is any issue of minor illness Jean will not be panicked or anxious In the NCBI (2001) and WHO (2000) report following disadvantages are there in self medication: Jean may take wrong medicine unintentionally There may be mistake by Jean about the dose. She may take more or less and about the timing as well. If Jean cannot remember when she needs to and when actually does take medicine she may take more or less number and quantity of the medicine These can lead to health risk and also the risk of losing her confidence further on herself. Question: Do you think Jean should be encouraged for self medication. Give reasons for your answer Answer Ms J Barlow should definitely be encourage for self medication undoubtedly. Reasons are She needs to learn how to manager herself for the long time and always She must have her confidence back on herself. This is not only to reduce cost of social care on her but also to make Jean as a normal human being Jean must not be in a satiate where she is alone but very anxious. If she knows how to handle herself alone she will be strong in any satiation However above all the benefits there can be risk of doing that. Thus to avoid any risk proper initiatives has to be there so that it can sure that at least she knows what to do and how to seek help in case of severe situations. Her confidence needs to be built before she is on her own for the medication. Case Study 3: Question 2: How will you support Mr H to meet his dietary needs? Answer Following measures can be taken to help Mr. H with his food Mr H can be encouraged to cook on his own with continuous supervision from begging to end There has to be regular observation of his behaviour and someone knowledgeable and friendly, according to Mr H, has to be with him while he is cooking Otherwise Mr H can be provided with the food he wants Mr. H can also be discussed the benefit and the issues of the other food recommended by the dietician. But this has to be done in a time when Mr H is in proper mood Mr H can be constantly remind about things while he is cooking and also regarding his meal Question: Analyse how will you manage the tension to enable Mr H to cook his meal safely and your responsibility to ensure his safety and that of others. Answer: Safety is a vital issue for anyone. Specially when there is special medical care there is a increased need to be vigilant, observant of any risk of safety. Following things can be done so that Mr H can cook his meal safely and that does not hamper safety of others Someone has good relationship or rapport with Mr H should be there while he is cooking Someone knowledgeable will be there while he cooks so that the carer can identify the risk issue immediately and can take safety initiative The carer can encourage Mr H to behave normally and give the confidence the process can be done smoothly in a proper manner from the very beginning to end Mr H has right to learn to manage things on his own. Thus the carer must take care of that All the risky apparatuses should be kept in a place where Mr H cannot reach easily after finished using those Question 3: Obtain a copy of your organizational risk assessment policy, procedure and analyse the effectiveness of policies procedure in management of risks (AC 3.2) Answer: Agency must develop (SCEI, 2000), implement, and maintain a risk management/assessment program to ensure that appropriate safeguard measures are taken. Analysis of effectiveness of policies procedure in management of risks goes below: It is effective in the sense that it can handle both medical and physical situation of the social care service seeker It is safe for service seeker and providing officer It is vast and wide to cover all the health and security related issues while providing service It is effective overall Question 4: Identify and review current legislation, codes of practice, policy on medication administration in a residential home. Obtain copy of your organization policy and procedure, evaluate the effectiveness of the in line with health and social care requirements (AC 4.1 and 4.2) Answer: For this answer I will choose Dignity Care UK (2008). I will analyse their codes of practices, which is line with existing legislation in residential home (Miller, 1996): The support and care has to be effective, with care and professional Centre must not work with non-trained carer Centre must regularly monitor the situation of care providing by the carer staffs There has to be evidence before taking any action, if necessary, against carer There has to be regular supply of proper care to the individual needs help Centre must appoint assessors who can assess the caring situation and environment on a regular basis There will be proper and regular supervision and assessment The carer must to be qualified and fit for the job according to criteria of the organization The carer must maintain accurate record whenever necessary so that it can be evaluate later with senior staffs Explain the legislation, guidance, codes of practice and policy that apply to the handling of medication Question: analyse how national service standards promote safe practice in the handling of medication evaluate, using a known setting, the effectiveness of policies and procedures for administering medication in achieving best possible outcomes for service users Answer Aim of the policy of Dignity Care (2008) are Ensure that proper care are given to the individuals or advice seeker. There has to be good management of the situations of the clients, proper care for their medicines and health issues whenever necessary The policy is in line with National Service Framework for Older People, Commission for Social Care Inspection Professional Guidance for the Administration and Management of Medicines and the National Minimum Care Standards. There is a good standard of care set by the organization and it is followed always on regular basis Promote and maintain independence by advising service users about safety issues on their own medicine handling Encourage patients to be self sufficient whenever applicable Follow the rules of the UK legislation Continuous development of the service of the care worker Question 5: Communication is vital in health and social care, analyse how you can use the effective communication to promote and maximize the right of service -users in health and social care (AC 1.3) Answer: Communication helps social care providers to provide the best health service. This is very important. Communication is not in the sense of verbal discussion but also covers communicating with patients whatever forms it takes to do that. Following is the analyse how effective communication can be used effectively to promote and maximize the right of service -users in health and social care: Understand the right way of communication with different type of care seekers Follow the rules and regulations of the care providing agency so that a professional standards are met There has to be enough room and encouragement to the care service providers to give feedback to their agency office so that if there is change of carer same level of service is provided. It does not make any different for the care receivers Carer has to have the knowledge of policy of the organization Carer has to have the knowledge of legal requirements to communicate with the service seekers Carer must be trained properly to communicate with different types of care seekers Carer must understand the needs of development of his/ her communication with the care seeker. So that s/he can develop accordingly with the help of their head office Question 6: Explain the factors that contribute to loss of independence, non participation and social exclusion of service (AC 2.1) Answer In case of Mr H there is a room for loss of independence and non participation and exclusion from the society (Denham, 1997). Following issues can contribute to that (NCBI, 2001): Lack of communication ability with others Lack of ability to mix with others Lack of self control Health condition. Poor health condition leaves less room for the care seeker to think about other issues. Thus if Mr H is in good health he will feel good talking and mixing with others Change of carer. If there is always new carer comes to serve Mr H he may not feel comfortable equally with everyone. This may make him down mentally and he may not act the way he should Relationship with the carer. If the relation is not good there will not be any development in terms of providing the best care Shift pattern of the carer may not be as comfortable for the care seeker which may cause insecurity in his mind and make him dependants Anxiousness of the Mr H is also contribute to the fact that he is becoming less independent Mr Hs confidence level may contribute to the fact of being self confident. If Mr. Hs development is slow it can also cause insecurity in his mind and make him less able to manage himself. References: Denham M J, Continuing Care for Older People, Nelson Thornes, 1997, ISBN: 0748731822 Miller J, Social Care Practice, Hodder Arnold, 1996, ISBN: 034065516X Richards J, Caring for People A Lifespan Approach, Nelson Thornes, 1999, ISBN: 0748739009 Toft C, Care and Registered Manager’s Award at S/NVQ Level 4, Hodder Arnold, 2003, ISBN: 0340876050 http://www.dignityincare.org.uk/_library/Regional_Model_of_Good_Practice_Policy_for_Medication_-_Reviewed_08.pdf accessed on March 29, 2014 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11735659 accessed on March 29, 2014 http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/pdf/h1462e/h1462e.pdf accessed on March 29, 2014 http://arcuk.org.uk/publications/files/2011/03/Active-Support-Handbook.pdf accessed on March 29, 2014 http://www.scie.org.uk/publications/guides/guide17/files/guide17.pdf accessed on March 29, 2014 1

Landmines :: essays research papers

Landmines A recent report on the ban the production and the use of landmines which appeared in the International Post caught my attention. Credit for the lucidly written report should be given to Ms Kazka, a colleague of mine, who illuminated the pertinent issues involved in the controversy revolving the production of landmines. Although the Philippines is fortunate enough not to have experienced the anguish of states like Afghanistan and Bosnia, we as a nation, averse at atrocities brought about by warfare, should contribute to the advancement of this noble cause of banning the production, the use and the demining of landmines. As Ms Kazka reported, each day landmines kill or wound an estimated 75 people worldwide. Ninety percent of these victims are civilians. Among the victims may be a teenage girl gathering firewood in Cambodia. A grandfather herding sheep in Afghanistan. Or a boy running across an empty field in Angola. What makes antipersonnel mines so abhorrent is the indiscriminate destruction they cause. Mines cannot be aimed. They lie dormant until a person or animal triggers their detonating mechanism. Antipersonnel mines cannot distinguish between the footfall of a soldier and that of a child. Those who survive the initial blast usually require amputations, long hospital stays, and extensive rehabilitative services. These people do not usually recover from the psychological strain that the explosions cause. Moreover, they are discriminated by people in their respective society and are considered lower class people. Vivid images of the leg-less people were described in detail by the report In Cambodia alone there are over 35,000 amputees injured by anti-personnel landmines--and they are the survivors. Many others die in the fields from loss of blood or lack of transport to get medical help. Mine deaths and injuries in the past few decades total in the hundreds of thousands. Landmines are now a daily threat in Afghanistan, Angola, Bosnia, Cambodia, Chechnya, Croatia, Iraq, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Somalia, and dozens of other countries. Mines recognize no cease-fire and long after the fighting has stopped they continue to maim or kill. Mines also render large tracts of agricultural land unusable, wreaking environmental and economic devastation. Refugees returning to their war-ravaged countries face this life-threatening obstacle to rebuilding their lives. Leading producers and exporters of antipersonnel mines in the past 25 years include China, Italy, the former Soviet Union, and the United States. More than 50 countries have manufactured as many as 200 million antipersonnel landmines in the last 25 years. Landmines :: essays research papers Landmines A recent report on the ban the production and the use of landmines which appeared in the International Post caught my attention. Credit for the lucidly written report should be given to Ms Kazka, a colleague of mine, who illuminated the pertinent issues involved in the controversy revolving the production of landmines. Although the Philippines is fortunate enough not to have experienced the anguish of states like Afghanistan and Bosnia, we as a nation, averse at atrocities brought about by warfare, should contribute to the advancement of this noble cause of banning the production, the use and the demining of landmines. As Ms Kazka reported, each day landmines kill or wound an estimated 75 people worldwide. Ninety percent of these victims are civilians. Among the victims may be a teenage girl gathering firewood in Cambodia. A grandfather herding sheep in Afghanistan. Or a boy running across an empty field in Angola. What makes antipersonnel mines so abhorrent is the indiscriminate destruction they cause. Mines cannot be aimed. They lie dormant until a person or animal triggers their detonating mechanism. Antipersonnel mines cannot distinguish between the footfall of a soldier and that of a child. Those who survive the initial blast usually require amputations, long hospital stays, and extensive rehabilitative services. These people do not usually recover from the psychological strain that the explosions cause. Moreover, they are discriminated by people in their respective society and are considered lower class people. Vivid images of the leg-less people were described in detail by the report In Cambodia alone there are over 35,000 amputees injured by anti-personnel landmines--and they are the survivors. Many others die in the fields from loss of blood or lack of transport to get medical help. Mine deaths and injuries in the past few decades total in the hundreds of thousands. Landmines are now a daily threat in Afghanistan, Angola, Bosnia, Cambodia, Chechnya, Croatia, Iraq, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Somalia, and dozens of other countries. Mines recognize no cease-fire and long after the fighting has stopped they continue to maim or kill. Mines also render large tracts of agricultural land unusable, wreaking environmental and economic devastation. Refugees returning to their war-ravaged countries face this life-threatening obstacle to rebuilding their lives. Leading producers and exporters of antipersonnel mines in the past 25 years include China, Italy, the former Soviet Union, and the United States. More than 50 countries have manufactured as many as 200 million antipersonnel landmines in the last 25 years.

Kerry Group Case Analysis Essay -- essays research papers

The Kerry Group began over thirty years ago in the south west region of Ireland. Beginning as a dairy and ingredients plant the company has now flourished into a global leader in the food ingredients and flavor products area. Kerry Group is headquartered in Tralee, Ireland and through its manufacturing, sales, and technical centers around the world, employs over 20,000 people. The company supplies over 10,000 food, food ingredients and other flavor products to customers in over 140 countries. Kerry Group also has manufacturing and sales facilities in over 20 countries. When Ireland joined the EEC or European Economic Community in 1973 many small dairies began to merge in order to compete with the larger dairy producing companies. Kerry also participated in the mergers with help from the milk suppliers of the County. Kerry acquired the State owned milk processing company along with its creameries. The Group also held a 42.5% stake in the NKMP Company for a total of 1.5 million Euros. At the same time, six of the eight independent Co-ops, which owned the other 42.5% stake, were acquired and became a new subsidiary of the Kerry Co-operative Creameries Ltd, which began trading in 1974. Kerry began as the smallest of six agricultural co-ops, a position that was soon to change. As Kerry began growing they developed some key values in the SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis that are the backbone for the success of the Kerry Group. The major strength of the Kerry Group is procurement. Procurement allows Kerry to use available global resources in specialty ingredients, seasonings, coating systems, sweet ingredients, nutritional systems, and specialty proteins; by doing this they are able to acquire the highest-quality raw materials. Another strength of Kerry is technological development. Through technological development Kerry is able to develop flavors and gain an advantage over the competition. Kerry gains this technological advantage through research and development and acquisitions. The weaknesses of Kerry Group include the firm infrastructure. The Group’s debt-to-equity ratio is inordinately high for a company of Kerry’s size. Another weakness is in Kerry’s Human Resource Management division. Management e ncourages the employees to think â€Å"Kerry† or in sense be â€Å"Kerryized,† if employees do not follow this style of thinking they are ... ...leader in its selected markets through creativity and superior customer service. The Group is continuing to focus many efforts to expand its presence in global food and ingredients markets and its consumer foods businesses in Europe and abroad. The Kerry Group has recently put into action plans to purchase a specialty foods company in China that is expected to reach an additional 1.3 billion new customers. This venture will be a huge step for Kerry Group because it will be completely localized (a multi-domestic strategy), in that all business operations are expected to be turned over to the new facilities in China by the end of 2006.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today, Kerry has emerged into a leader in the food processing and ingredients business, reaching its goal set in the early 1980’s. The group has five basic areas of business; which include Kerry Ingredients, Kerry Bio-Science, Kerry Foods, Kerry Agribusiness, and Mastertaste. If Kerry group continues to build from their corporate and business level strategies and continues to evaluate their SWOT analysis they will stay ahead of the competition and continue to remain a leader in the food ingredients and processing sector.

The Complexity of Marjane Satrapis Persepolis Essay -- Muslim Women

If a person were to hastily flip through the pages of Marjane Satrapi’s graphic novel Persepolis, using only eyes to judge, the book could easily be put off as just another piece of literary fluff. Their inner literary critic might utter a perplexed gasp and their mind might reel with the wonder at how they happened upon something that was surely intended for the children’s comic book section. With any further examination of the book’s literary content and the power of its simplified artwork, however, such an easy to assume accusation shows through as fatally incorrect. Persepolis is the memoir of a young woman growing up in the decimating national conflicts of 1970s Iran depicted alongside an unexpectedly, simplified artwork style. At first it may appear that this is done only for the sake of unique marketability or because it is merely Satrapi’s natural drawing style. A deeper examination, however, will reveal that â€Å"†¦a form of amplification through simplification† (McCloud, 30) is achieved and visual support is given to the text in a manner that realistic or more â€Å"serious† art could not accomplish. Though simplified in its artistic approach, Persepolis is anything but simplified in content. When a writer chooses to include illustrations in a piece of literature, the first task is to decide the level of abstraction/ realism the art will present. In Persepolis’ case, a simplified art style works best, as it amplifies only the primary features of the text, unlike realism which would be far more focused on social details. Given the book’s heavy subject matter (of both a war beyond massive devastation and the metamorphosis of a girl caught in its trauma), Persepolis has a great deal of information to cover in t... ...captivating and personally significant aspects of her experience. Through generality and a lack of explicit realism, Satrapi invigorates the book’s deeper messages in a manner that extends beyond the written word and into conceptual imagery. â€Å"By de-emphasizing the appearance of the physical world†¦the cartoon places itself in the world of concepts† (McCloud 41), concepts that convey the subjective, but still far too true life of Marjane Satrapi. This simplified and symbolic universe is not Iran or Austria or France; it is Marjane’s Persepolis. Works Cited McCloud, Scott. Understanding Comics: The Invisible Art. New York: HyperCollins Publishers, 1993. Print Strapi, Marjane. Persepolis: The Story of Childhood. Paris, France: L’Association, 2003. Print. Strapi, Marjane. Persepolis 2: The Story of Return. Paris, France: L’Association, 2004.Print

Power Influence Approach

Power-influence leadership assumes the cause and effect relationship between leaders and followers only flows trom anagement to subordinate (Yuki, 2010, p. 4). For example, a manager Instructs his employee to pay an invoice, and the employee does as told. or employees attend an ethics seminar because the executives mandate it. Exercising power-influence can ensure adherence to internal policies like safety, dress codes, and hours of employment. It can also ensure adherence to federal laws like the provisions In the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The power-influence leadership approach enables a leader to influence the behaviors and attitudes of followers (Yuki, 2010, p. ). It is effective in managing and accomplishing tasks as a leader gives instructions that other follow. Powerlnfluence can sway people's thoughts and opinions, which can be beneficial In terms of innovative ideas and more efficient methods of operations. It is especially effective for those who resist change even if it will lea d to progress. The power- influence method of leadership has its drawbacks as well. Some individuals use ‘Of2 Torce ana Intlmlaatlon to accompllsn certaln oDJectlves.I ney may use tnelr tltle or osition to pressure others to comply, and even though employees may obey at first, such coercion eventually leads to resistance and the undermining of authority (Alyn, 2009). For example, a manager may tell a direct report that if he does not complete a given stack of work, his quarterly review will reflect it. This is a drastic example of the negative effect of power-influence, but it does well to demonstrate how a manager can use coercion as a source of â€Å"motivation. Using power to accomplish activities in an organization is a common practice among managers and executives. In fact, prior to 2011, management at Jack in the Box, Inc. depended on the power-influence approach to complete objectives. The organization believed employees required specific instruction, so management inf luenced subordinates and coworkers through the use of power. It is important to note that few individuals abused this power, but as the nature of the business changed, so did its leadership approach.In 2011, the executives of Jack in the Box worked to change the company's culture from one of power to one that focused on individual roles, achievements, and support. Management encouraged employees to share ideas, to question and challenge methods of operation, and to take initiative and responsibility for one's work. The â€Å"you do what I say' mentality was not the attitude the executives wanted management to express or employees to feel. Instead, the company wanted to nurture leaders to make the organization stronger and more cohesive.Power and one-directional instruction from management to subordinates prevented innovative opportunities and fresher ways of thinking, which ultimately inhibited the company's ossibilities. The new culture placed management and direct reports on more level ground, and the open communication instilled trust and a sense of unity among employees of all levels. The power-influence approach in studying leadership examines the role that power plays in influencing others' actions, attitudes, and beliefs. Its use can have both positive and negative effects in the workplace, depending on the leader's intentions. Power is viewed as important not only for influencing subordinates, but also for influencing peers, superiors, and people utside the organization, such as clients and suppliers† (Yuki, 2010, p. 14). It is important for leaders to remember that others look to them for instruction, inspiration, and direction. With such power come certain responsibilities and expectations not to abuse it.

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Review Sheets for Chapter 20. 1 1. Assuming the following reaction proceeds in the forward direction, 3 Sn4+(aq) + 2 Cr(s) ? 3 Sn2+(aq) + 2 Cr3+(aq) 4+ a. Sn (aq) is the reducing agent and Cr(s) is the oxidizing agent. b. Cr(s) is the reducing agent and Sn2+(aq) is the oxidizing agent. c. Sn4+(aq) is the reducing agent and Sn2+(aq) is the oxidizing agent. d. Cr(s) is the reducing agent and Cr3+(aq) is the oxidizing agent. e. Cr(s) is the reducing agent and Sn4+(aq) is the oxidizing agent. 2. The following reaction occurs spontaneously. H+(aq) + Ca(s) ? Ca2+(aq) + H2(g) Write the balanced oxidation half-reaction. a. 2 H+(aq) + 2 e– ? H2(g) b. 2 H+(aq) ? H2(g) + 2 e– c. H2(g) ? 2 H+(aq) + 2 e– d. Ca(s) + 2 e– ? Ca2+(aq) e. Ca(s) ? Ca2+(aq) + 2 e– 3. Write a balanced half-reaction for the reduction of CrO42–(aq) to Cr(OH)3(s) in a basic solution. a. CrO42–(aq) + 3 OH–(aq) + 3 e– ? Cr(OH)3(s) + 2 O2(g) b. CrO42–(aq) + 3 H+(aq) + 3 e– ? Cr(OH)3(s) c. CrO42–(aq) + 3 H+(aq) ? Cr(OH)3(s) + 2 e– d. CrO42–(aq) + 4 H2O( ) + 3 e– ? Cr(OH)3(s) + 5 OH–(aq) e.CrO42–(aq) + 3 OH–(aq) ? Cr(OH)3(s) + 2 O2(g) 4. Write a balanced chemical equation for the oxidation of Cd(s) by concentrated nitric acid, producing NO2(g) and Cd2+(aq). a. HNO3(aq) + Cd(s) ? Cd2+(aq) + NO2(g) + OH–(aq) b. 2 HNO3(aq) + Cd(s) ? Cd2+(aq) + 2 NO2(g) + 2 OH–(aq) c. HNO3(aq) + Cd(s) + H+(aq) ? Cd2+(aq) + NO2(g) + H2O( ) d. 4 HNO3(aq) + Cd(s) ? Cd2+(aq) + 2 NO2(g) + 2H2O( ) + 2 NO3–(aq) e. HNO3(aq) + Cd(s) ? Cd2+(aq) + NO2(g) Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. 2. 3. 4. ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: E E D D